Linux Daemon Dienste
radvd
Router Advertisement Daemon (radvd) (wenn die Clients automatisch konfiguriert werden sollen)
Wikipedia: Router Advertisement Daemon (radvd), implements link-local advertisements of IPv6 router addresses and IPv6 routing prefixes using the Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) => stateless autoconfiguration
NAT64
Wikipedia: NAT64
TAYGA
NAT64 Kernel Module
github.com/fln/nat64
link local fe80:: global unicase 2001: /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf all default eth0 eth1 lo /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/forwarding => 1 well-known prefix, z.B. NAT64 64:ff9b::/96 ALG Application Layer Gateway RR Resource Record
FreeBSD Subversion
FreeBSD VLAN
FreeBSD VLAN Configuration
FreeBSD – Adding VLAN Tagged subinterface using ifconfig
struct vlanreq {
char vlr_parent[IFNAMSIZ];
u_short vlr_tag;
};
Step 1: create the vlan subinterface
# ifconfig vlan122 create
Step 2: assign it a vlan ID and vlan device:
# ifconfig vlan122 vlan 122 vlandev em0
Step 3: check the vlan subinterface:
# ifconfig vlan122
vlan122: flags=8842<BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500
ether 00:07:e9:a5:9b:fa
media: Ethernet autoselect (1000baseTX <full-duplex>)
status: active
vlan: 122 parent interface: em0
Step 4: assign ip address:
# ifconfig vlan122 10.1.122.1/24
# ifconfig vlan122 up
# ifconfig vlan122
vlan122: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500
ether 00:07:e9:a5:9b:fa
inet 10.1.122.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.1.122.255
media: Ethernet autoselect (1000baseTX <full-duplex>)
status: active
vlan: 122 parent interface: em0
Or edit rc.conf:
cloned_interfaces="vlan0"
ifconfig_vlan0="inet x.x.x.x netmask y.y.y.y vlan 2 vlandev em0"
FreeBSD Manual Pages
getifaddrs — get interface addresses
ether_ntohost — Ethernet address conversion and lookup routines
FreeBSD Implementation
DEC Direct Data Link Interface (DLI)
How to know ip address for interfaces in c
Polling interface names via SIOCGIFCONF in Linux
Broadcasting and Determining Network Configuration
FreeBSD: network interface information
lo0 not in ioctl( SIOCGIFCONF )
SOLVED: lo0 not in ioctl( SIOCGIFCONF )
How to get IPv6 address using getifaddrs and which version of glibc supports
How can I enumerate the list of network devices or interfaces in C or C++ in FreeBSD? [duplicate]
Re: ioctl programming probs
Linux:
struct ifreq {
char ifr_name[IFNAMSIZ]; /* Interface name */
union {
struct sockaddr ifr_addr;
struct sockaddr ifr_dstaddr;
struct sockaddr ifr_broadaddr;
struct sockaddr ifr_netmask;
struct sockaddr ifr_hwaddr;
short ifr_flags;
int ifr_ifindex;
int ifr_metric;
int ifr_mtu;
struct ifmap ifr_map;
char ifr_slave[IFNAMSIZ];
char ifr_newname[IFNAMSIZ];
char *ifr_data;
};
};
struct ifconf {
int ifc_len; /* size of buffer */
union {
char *ifc_buf; /* buffer address */
struct ifreq *ifc_req; /* array of structures */
};
};
FreeBSD:
/*
* Length of interface external name, including terminating '\0'.
* Note: this is the same size as a generic device's external name.
*/
#define IF_NAMESIZE 16
#if __BSD_VISIBLE
#define IFNAMSIZ IF_NAMESIZE
#define IF_MAXUNIT 0x7fff /* historical value */
#endif
#if __BSD_VISIBLE
/*
* Interface request structure used for socket
* ioctl's. All interface ioctl's must have parameter
* definitions which begin with ifr_name. The
* remainder may be interface specific.
*/
struct ifreq {
char ifr_name[IFNAMSIZ]; /* if name, e.g. "en0" */
union {
struct sockaddr ifru_addr;
struct sockaddr ifru_dstaddr;
struct sockaddr ifru_broadaddr;
struct ifreq_buffer ifru_buffer;
short ifru_flags[2];
short ifru_index;
int ifru_jid;
int ifru_metric;
int ifru_mtu;
int ifru_phys;
int ifru_media;
caddr_t ifru_data;
int ifru_cap[2];
u_int ifru_fib;
} ifr_ifru;
#define ifr_addr ifr_ifru.ifru_addr /* address */
#define ifr_dstaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_dstaddr /* other end of p-to-p link */
#define ifr_broadaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_broadaddr /* broadcast address */
#define ifr_buffer ifr_ifru.ifru_buffer /* user supplied buffer with its length */
#define ifr_flags ifr_ifru.ifru_flags[0] /* flags (low 16 bits) */
#define ifr_flagshigh ifr_ifru.ifru_flags[1] /* flags (high 16 bits) */
#define ifr_jid ifr_ifru.ifru_jid /* jail/vnet */
#define ifr_metric ifr_ifru.ifru_metric /* metric */
#define ifr_mtu ifr_ifru.ifru_mtu /* mtu */
#define ifr_phys ifr_ifru.ifru_phys /* physical wire */
#define ifr_media ifr_ifru.ifru_media /* physical media */
#define ifr_data ifr_ifru.ifru_data /* for use by interface */
#define ifr_reqcap ifr_ifru.ifru_cap[0] /* requested capabilities */
#define ifr_curcap ifr_ifru.ifru_cap[1] /* current capabilities */
#define ifr_index ifr_ifru.ifru_index /* interface index */
#define ifr_fib ifr_ifru.ifru_fib /* interface fib */
};
/*
* Structure used in SIOCGIFCONF request.
* Used to retrieve interface configuration
* for machine (useful for programs which
* must know all networks accessible).
*/
struct ifconf {
int ifc_len; /* size of associated buffer */
union {
caddr_t ifcu_buf;
struct ifreq *ifcu_req;
} ifc_ifcu;
#define ifc_buf ifc_ifcu.ifcu_buf /* buffer address */
#define ifc_req ifc_ifcu.ifcu_req /* array of structures returned */
};
/*-
* Interface flags are of two types: network stack owned flags, and driver
* owned flags. Historically, these values were stored in the same ifnet
* flags field, but with the advent of fine-grained locking, they have been
* broken out such that the network stack is responsible for synchronizing
* the stack-owned fields, and the device driver the device-owned fields.
* Both halves can perform lockless reads of the other half's field, subject
* to accepting the involved races.
*
* Both sets of flags come from the same number space, and should not be
* permitted to conflict, as they are exposed to user space via a single
* field.
*
* The following symbols identify read and write requirements for fields:
*
* (i) if_flags field set by device driver before attach, read-only there
* after.
* (n) if_flags field written only by the network stack, read by either the
* stack or driver.
* (d) if_drv_flags field written only by the device driver, read by either
* the stack or driver.
*/
#define IFF_UP 0x1 /* (n) interface is up */
#define IFF_BROADCAST 0x2 /* (i) broadcast address valid */
#define IFF_DEBUG 0x4 /* (n) turn on debugging */
#define IFF_LOOPBACK 0x8 /* (i) is a loopback net */
#define IFF_POINTOPOINT 0x10 /* (i) is a point-to-point link */
#define IFF_SMART 0x20 /* (i) interface manages own routes */
#define IFF_DRV_RUNNING 0x40 /* (d) resources allocated */
#define IFF_NOARP 0x80 /* (n) no address resolution protocol */
#define IFF_PROMISC 0x100 /* (n) receive all packets */
#define IFF_ALLMULTI 0x200 /* (n) receive all multicast packets */
#define IFF_DRV_OACTIVE 0x400 /* (d) tx hardware queue is full */
#define IFF_SIMPLEX 0x800 /* (i) can't hear own transmissions */
#define IFF_LINK0 0x1000 /* per link layer defined bit */
#define IFF_LINK1 0x2000 /* per link layer defined bit */
#define IFF_LINK2 0x4000 /* per link layer defined bit */
#define IFF_ALTPHYS IFF_LINK2 /* use alternate physical connection */
#define IFF_MULTICAST 0x8000 /* (i) supports multicast */
#define IFF_CANTCONFIG 0x10000 /* (i) unconfigurable using ioctl(2) */
#define IFF_PPROMISC 0x20000 /* (n) user-requested promisc mode */
#define IFF_MONITOR 0x40000 /* (n) user-requested monitor mode */
#define IFF_STATICARP 0x80000 /* (n) static ARP */
#define IFF_DYING 0x200000 /* (n) interface is winding down */
#define IFF_RENAMING 0x400000 /* (n) interface is being renamed */
/* Throughout this file, IP addresses are expected to be in
* the same byte order as in IP_PCB. */
/** must be the maximum of all used hardware address lengths
across all types of interfaces in use */
#define NETIF_MAX_HWADDR_LEN 6U
/** Whether the network interface is 'up'. This is
* a software flag used to control whether this network
* interface is enabled and processes traffic.
* It is set by the startup code (for static IP configuration) or
* by dhcp/autoip when an address has been assigned.
*/
#define NETIF_FLAG_UP 0x01U
/** If set, the netif has broadcast capability.
* Set by the netif driver in its init function. */
#define NETIF_FLAG_BROADCAST 0x02U
/** If set, the netif is one end of a point-to-point connection.
* Set by the netif driver in its init function. */
#define NETIF_FLAG_POINTTOPOINT 0x04U
/** If set, the interface is configured using DHCP.
* Set by the DHCP code when starting or stopping DHCP. */
#define NETIF_FLAG_DHCP 0x08U
/** If set, the interface has an active link
* (set by the network interface driver).
* Either set by the netif driver in its init function (if the link
* is up at that time) or at a later point once the link comes up
* (if link detection is supported by the hardware). */
#define NETIF_FLAG_LINK_UP 0x10U
/** If set, the netif is an ethernet device using ARP.
* Set by the netif driver in its init function.
* Used to check input packet types and use of DHCP. */
#define NETIF_FLAG_ETHARP 0x20U
/** If set, the netif is an ethernet device. It might not use
* ARP or TCP/IP if it is used for PPPoE only.
*/
#define NETIF_FLAG_ETHERNET 0x40U
/** If set, the netif has IGMP capability.
* Set by the netif driver in its init function. */
#define NETIF_FLAG_IGMP 0x80U
/** Generic data structure used for all lwIP network interfaces.
* The following fields should be filled in by the initialization
* function for the device driver: hwaddr_len, hwaddr[], mtu, flags */
struct netif {
/** pointer to next in linked list */
struct netif *next;
/** IP address configuration in network byte order */
ip_addr_t ip_addr;
ip_addr_t netmask;
ip_addr_t gw;
/*** LWIP_IPV6 ***********************************************************/
/** Array of IPv6 addresses for this netif. */
ip6_addr_t ip6_addr[LWIP_IPV6_NUM_ADDRESSES];
/** The state of each IPv6 address (Tentative, Preferred, etc).
* @see ip6_addr.h */
u8_t ip6_addr_state[LWIP_IPV6_NUM_ADDRESSES];
/** This function is called by the network device driver
* to pass a packet up the TCP/IP stack. */
netif_input_fn input;
/** This function is called by the IP module when it wants
* to send a packet on the interface. This function typically
* first resolves the hardware address, then sends the packet. */
netif_output_fn output;
/** This function is called by the ARP module when it wants
* to send a packet on the interface. This function outputs
* the pbuf as-is on the link medium. */
netif_linkoutput_fn linkoutput;
/*** LWIP_IPV6 ***********************************************************/
/** This function is called by the IPv6 module when it wants
* to send a packet on the interface. This function typically
* first resolves the hardware address, then sends the packet. */
netif_output_ip6_fn output_ip6;
/*** LWIP_NETIF_STATUS_CALLBACK ******************************************/
/** This function is called when the netif state is set to up or down */
netif_status_callback_fn status_callback;
/*** LWIP_NETIF_LINK_CALLBACK ********************************************/
/** This function is called when the netif link is set to up or down */
netif_status_callback_fn link_callback;
/*** LWIP_NETIF_REMOVE_CALLBACK ******************************************/
/** This function is called when the netif has been removed */
netif_status_callback_fn remove_callback;
/** This field can be set by the device driver and could point
* to state information for the device. */
void *state;
/*** LWIP_DHCP ***********************************************************/
/** the DHCP client state information for this netif */
struct dhcp *dhcp;
/*** LWIP_AUTOIP *********************************************************/
/** the AutoIP client state information for this netif */
struct autoip *autoip;
/*** LWIP_IPV6_AUTOCONFIG ************************************************/
/** is this netif enabled for IPv6 autoconfiguration */
u8_t ip6_autoconfig_enabled;
/*** LWIP_IPV6_SEND_ROUTER_SOLICIT ***************************************/
/** Number of Router Solicitation messages that remain to be sent. */
u8_t rs_count;
/*** LWIP_IPV6_DHCP6 *****************************************************/
/** the DHCPv6 client state information for this netif */
struct dhcp6 *dhcp6;
/*** LWIP_NETIF_HOSTNAME *************************************************/
/* the hostname for this netif, NULL is a valid value */
char* hostname;
/** maximum transfer unit (in bytes) */
u16_t mtu;
/** number of bytes used in hwaddr */
u8_t hwaddr_len;
/** link level hardware address of this interface */
u8_t hwaddr[NETIF_MAX_HWADDR_LEN];
/** flags (see NETIF_FLAG_ above) */
u8_t flags;
/** descriptive abbreviation */
char name[2];
/** number of this interface */
u8_t num;
/*** LWIP_SNMP ***********************************************************/
/** link type (from "snmp_ifType" enum from snmp.h) */
u8_t link_type;
/** (estimate) link speed */
u32_t link_speed;
/** timestamp at last change made (up/down) */
u32_t ts;
/** counters */
u32_t ifinoctets;
u32_t ifinucastpkts;
u32_t ifinnucastpkts;
u32_t ifindiscards;
u32_t ifoutoctets;
u32_t ifoutucastpkts;
u32_t ifoutnucastpkts;
u32_t ifoutdiscards;
/*** LWIP_IGMP ***********************************************************/
/** This function could be called to add or delete a entry in the multicast
* filter table of the ethernet MAC.*/
netif_igmp_mac_filter_fn igmp_mac_filter;
/*** LWIP_IPV6 && LWIP_IPV6_MLD ******************************************/
/** This function could be called to add or delete an entry in the IPv6 multicast
* filter table of the ethernet MAC. */
netif_mld_mac_filter_fn mld_mac_filter;
/*** LWIP_NETIF_HWADDRHINT ***********************************************/
u8_t *addr_hint;
/*** ENABLE_LOOPBACK *****************************************************/
/* List of packets to be queued for ourselves. */
struct pbuf *loop_first;
struct pbuf *loop_last;
u16_t loop_cnt_current;
};
#define SIOCSIFPHYADDR _IOW('i', 70, struct ifaliasreq) /* set gif addres */
#define SIOCGIFPSRCADDR _IOWR('i', 71, struct ifreq) /* get gif psrc addr */
#define SIOCGIFPDSTADDR _IOWR('i', 72, struct ifreq) /* get gif pdst addr */
struct nd_ifinfo {
u_int32_t linkmtu; /* LinkMTU */
u_int32_t maxmtu; /* Upper bound of LinkMTU */
u_int32_t basereachable; /* BaseReachableTime */
u_int32_t reachable; /* Reachable Time */
u_int32_t retrans; /* Retrans Timer */
u_int32_t flags; /* Flags */
int recalctm; /* BaseReacable re-calculation timer */
u_int8_t chlim; /* CurHopLimit */
u_int8_t initialized; /* Flag to see the entry is initialized */
/* the following 3 members are for privacy extension for addrconf */
u_int8_t randomseed0[8]; /* upper 64 bits of MD5 digest */
u_int8_t randomseed1[8]; /* lower 64 bits (usually the EUI64 IFID) */
u_int8_t randomid[8]; /* current random ID */
};
struct in6_ndireq {
char ifname[IFNAMSIZ];
struct nd_ifinfo ndi;
};
struct in6_ndireq nd;
memset(&nd, 0, sizeof(nd));
strncpy(nd.ifname, ifr.ifr_name, sizeof(nd.ifname));
error = ioctl(s, SIOCGIFINFO_IN6, &nd);
/*
* Structure of a Link-Level sockaddr:
*/
struct sockaddr_dl {
u_char sdl_len; /* Total length of sockaddr */
u_char sdl_family; /* AF_LINK */
u_short sdl_index; /* if != 0, system given index for interface */
u_char sdl_type; /* interface type */
u_char sdl_nlen; /* interface name length, no trailing 0 reqd. */
u_char sdl_alen; /* link level address length */
u_char sdl_slen; /* link layer selector length */
char sdl_data[46]; /* minimum work area, can be larger;
contains both if name and ll address */
};
$2 = {sdl_len = 56 '8', sdl_family = 18 (AF_LINK), sdl_index = 1, sdl_type = 0x06 (IFT_ETHER), sdl_nlen = 3, sdl_alen = 6, sdl_slen = 0, sdl_data = "vr0", ...}
$13 = {sdl_len = 56 '8', sdl_family = 18 (AF_LINK), sdl_index = 2, sdl_type = 0x06 (IFT_ETHER), sdl_nlen = 3, sdl_alen = 6, sdl_slen = 0, sdl_data = "vr1", ...}
$14 = {sdl_len = 56 '8', sdl_family = 18 (AF_LINK), sdl_index = 3, sdl_type = 0x06 (IFT_ETHER), sdl_nlen = 3, sdl_alen = 6, sdl_slen = 0, sdl_data = "vr2", ...}
$15 = {sdl_len = 56 '8', sdl_family = 18 (AF_LINK), sdl_index = 4, sdl_type = 0x18 (IFT_LOOP), sdl_nlen = 3, sdl_alen = 0, sdl_slen = 0, sdl_data = "lo0", ...}
$16 = {sdl_len = 56 '8', sdl_family = 18 (AF_LINK), sdl_index = 5, sdl_type = 0xf6 (IFT_PFLOG), sdl_nlen = 6, sdl_alen = 0, sdl_slen = 0, sdl_data = "pflog0", ...}
sdl->sdl_nlen /* interface name length, no trailing 0 reqd. */
sdl->sdl_alen /* link level address length */
sdl->sdl_type:
/usr/include/net/if_types.h
#define IFT_ETHER 0x6 /* Ethernet CSMA/CD */
#define IFT_LOOP 0x18 /* loopback */
#define IFT_PFLOG 0xf6 /* PF firewall */
#define ETH_ALEN 6 /* Octets in one ethernet addr */
Linux:
#define ETHER_ADDR_LEN ETH_ALEN /* size of ethernet addr */
/* This is a name for the 48 bit ethernet address available on many
systems. */
struct ether_addr
{
u_int8_t ether_addr_octet[ETH_ALEN];
} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
FreeBSD:
/*
* The number of bytes in an ethernet (MAC) address.
*/
#define ETHER_ADDR_LEN 6
/*
* Structure of a 48-bit Ethernet address.
*/
struct ether_addr {
u_char octet[ETHER_ADDR_LEN];
};
Do SIOCGIFNUM ioctl to find the number of interfaces
/*
* Do SIOCGIFNUM ioctl to find the number of interfaces
*
* Allocate space for number of interfaces found
*
* Do SIOCGIFCONF with allocated buffer
*
*/
if (ioctl(s, SIOCGIFNUM, (char *)&numifs) == -1) {
numifs = MAXIFS;
}
bufsize = numifs * sizeof(struct ifreq);
reqbuf = (struct ifreq *) malloc(bufsize);
if (reqbuf == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n");
exit(1);
}
ifc.ifc_buf = (caddr_t)&reqbuf[0];
ifc.ifc_len = bufsize;
if (ioctl(s, SIOCGIFCONF, (char *)&ifc) == -1) {
perror("ioctl(SIOCGIFCONF)");
exit(1);
}
ioctl(sockfd, SIOCGIFCONF, &ifc)