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STM32Cube Ecosystem
STM32CubeMX
STM32CubeIDE

STM32Cube	STM32Cube is a combination of software tools and embedded software libraries
STM32CubeMX	A configuration tool for any STM32 device. This easy-to-use graphical user interface generates initialization C code for Cortex-M cores and generates the Linux device tree source for Cortex-A cores
STM32CubeIDE	An Integrated Development Environment. Based on open-source solutions like Eclipse or the GNU C/C++ toolchain, this IDE includes compilation reporting features and advanced debug features. It also integrate additional features present in other tools from the ecosystem, such as the HW and SW initilialization and code generation from STM32CubeMX.
STM32CubeProgrammer	A programming tool. It provides an easy-to-use and efficient environment for reading, writing and verifying devices and external memories via a wide variety of available communication media (JTAG, SWD, UART, USB DFU, I2C, SPI, CAN, etc.).
STM32CubeMonitor	Family of tools. Powerful monitoring tools that help developers fine-tune the behavior and performance of their applications in real time.
STM32Cube MCU and MPU packages	Dedicated to each STM32 series. Packages offer all the required embedded software bricks to operate the available set of STM32 peripherals. They include drivers (HAL, low-layer, etc.), middleware, and lots of example code used in a wide variety of real-world use cases.
STM32Cube expansion packages	For application-oriented solutions. Complementing and expanding the STM32Cube MCU Package offer with additional embedded software bricks, STM32 expansion packages come either from ST or approved partners to create an extensive and scalable embedded software offer around the STM32.

Pros & Cons

UM1718 – User manual – STM32CubeMX for STM32 configuration
and initialization C code generation (PDF)

Pros & cons of using STM32CubeMX code generation tool insead of manually writing drivers for an ARM Cortex-M microcontroller

Migration

From SW4STM32 to STM32CubeIDE	Previously, developers could use SW4STM32 a free version of System Workbench that supports our entire lineup of microcontrollers. STM32CubeIDE already supports almost all our microcontrollers, except the STM32MP1, which is the first STM32 MPU.
From TrueSTUDIO to STM32CubeIDE	Developers also had an alternative to SW4STM32 in the form of TrueSTUDIO, which ST bought along with its acquisition of Atollic in 2017. STM32CubeIDE gets all these features and more, ensuring that people will not miss TrueSTUDIO.

STLinkUpgrade

Command Line Tools

> set PATH=%PATh%;c:\ST\STM32CubeIDE_1.6.0\STM32CubeIDE\plugins\com.st.stm32cube.ide.mcu.externaltools.gnu-tools-for-stm32.9-2020-q2-update.win32_1.5.0.202011040924\tools\bin
> path
PATh=[...]
> arm-none-eabi-gcc
arm-none-eabi-gcc: fatal error: no input files

STM32CubeMX C Code generation

STM32CubeMX: STM32Cube initialization code generator

STM32CubeMX is a graphical tool that allows a very easy configuration of STM32 microcontrollers and microprocessors, as well as the generation of the corresponding initialization C code for the Arm Cortex-M core, through a step-by-step process.

6.1 STM32Cube code generation using only HAL drivers

During the C code generation process, STM32CubeMX performs the following actions:downloads the relevant STM32Cube MCU package

Downloads the relevant STM32Cube MCU package
It copies from the firmware package, the relevant files
It generates the initialization C code (.c/.h files) corresponding to the user MCU configuration and stores it in the Inc and Src folders.

stm32f4xx_hal_conf.h
stm32f4xx_hal_msp.c (MSP = MCU Support package):main.c
main.c
main.h

MSP

What means the Msp in HAL_MspInit ?
What does the MSP in STM32CubeMX HAL_xxx_MspInit() functions stand for?

The ST HAL is designed so that the SPI module of the HAL is generic and abstracts from the specific I/O settings, which may differ due to the MCU package and the user-defined hardware configuration. So, ST developers have leaved to the user the responsibility to “fill” this piece of the HAL with the code necessary to configure the peripheral, using a sort of callback routines. Source

HAL vs. LL

The HAL and LL are complementary and cover a wide range of application requirements:

The HAL offers high-level and feature-oriented APIs with a high-portability level. These hide the MCU and peripheral complexity from the end-user.
The LL offers low-level APIs at register level, with better optimization but less portability. These require deep knowledge of the MCU and peripheral specifications

HAL vs LL
STM32 HAL vs LL
How to use LL (low level) drivers in CubeMX STM32?

YouTube

STM32G0 Workshop – Pt. 8, Low Layer Drivers

Interrupts


g_pfnVectors:
	.word	_estack
	.word	Reset_Handler
	.word	NMI_Handler
	.word	HardFault_Handler
	.word	MemManage_Handler
	.word	BusFault_Handler
	.word	UsageFault_Handler
        [...]
	.word	USART3_IRQHandler
        [...]

void USART3_IRQHandler(void)
{
  HAL_UART_IRQHandler(&huart3);
}

void HAL_UART_IRQHandler(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{
  [...]
  /* UART in mode Transmitter (transmission end) -----------------------------*/
  if (((isrflags & USART_ISR_TC) != 0U) && ((cr1its & USART_CR1_TCIE) != 0U))
  {
    UART_EndTransmit_IT(huart);
    return;
  }
  [...]
}

static void UART_EndTransmit_IT(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{
  [...]
#if (USE_HAL_UART_REGISTER_CALLBACKS == 1)
    /*Call registered Tx complete callback*/
    huart->TxCpltCallback(huart);
#else
    /*Call legacy weak Tx complete callback*/
    HAL_UART_TxCpltCallback(huart);
#endif /* USE_HAL_UART_REGISTER_CALLBACKS */
  [...]
}

__weak void HAL_UART_TxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{

}

/* Callbacks Register/UnRegister functions  ***********************************/
#if (USE_HAL_UART_REGISTER_CALLBACKS == 1)
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_UART_RegisterCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart, HAL_UART_CallbackIDTypeDef CallbackID,
                                            pUART_CallbackTypeDef pCallback);
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_UART_UnRegisterCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart, HAL_UART_CallbackIDTypeDef CallbackID);

HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_UART_RegisterRxEventCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart, pUART_RxEventCallbackTypeDef pCallback);
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_UART_UnRegisterRxEventCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart);
#endif /* USE_HAL_UART_REGISTER_CALLBACKS */

Critical Section / Mutex

Backlink: ARM Cortex-M4 Atomic / Mutex / Read-Modify-Write
Backlink: STM32 Spinlock vs. Interruptlock

How to properly enable/disable interrupts in ARM Cortex-M?

Critical sections in ARM

STM32L4 CRITICAL SECTION
STM32 HAL driver lock mechanism is not interrupt safe

FreeRTOS taskENTER_CRITICAL()
FreeRTOS taskENTER_CRITICAL_FROM_ISR()

Global: __get_PRIMASK(), __disable_irq(), __enable_irq()
Peripheral: HAL_NVIC_DisableIRQ(EXTI4_15_IRQn)
Macro: __HAL_TIM_ENABLE_IT(__HANDLE__, __INTERRUPT__), __HAL_TIM_DISABLE_IT(__HANDLE__, __INTERRUPT__)
Macro: __HAL_ENTER_CRITICAL_SECTION(), __HAL_EXIT_CRITICAL_SECTION()
HAL-only? (no interrupt?): HAL_Lock(lock), HAL_UnLock(lock)

void HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(IRQn_Type IRQn);
void HAL_NVIC_DisableIRQ(IRQn_Type IRQn);

void HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(IRQn_Type IRQn);
void HAL_NVIC_DisableIRQ(IRQn_Type IRQn);

/* @brief  HAL Lock structures definition */
typedef enum
{
  HAL_UNLOCKED = 0x00U,
  HAL_LOCKED   = 0x01U
} HAL_LockTypeDef;

#if (USE_RTOS == 1U)
/* Reserved for future use */
#error " USE_RTOS should be 0 in the current HAL release "
#else
#define __HAL_LOCK(__HANDLE__)             \
  do{                                      \
    if((__HANDLE__)->Lock == HAL_LOCKED)   \
    {                                      \
      return HAL_BUSY;                     \
    }                                      \
    else                                   \
    {                                      \
      (__HANDLE__)->Lock = HAL_LOCKED;     \
    }                                      \
  }while (0U)

#define __HAL_UNLOCK(__HANDLE__)           \
  do{                                      \
    (__HANDLE__)->Lock = HAL_UNLOCKED;     \
  }while (0U)
#endif /* USE_RTOS */

SysTick

__weak HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_InitTick(uint32_t TickPriority)
{
  HAL_StatusTypeDef  status = HAL_OK;

  if (uwTickFreq != 0U) {
    /* Configure the SysTick to have interrupt in 1ms time basis*/
    if (HAL_SYSTICK_Config(SystemCoreClock / (1000U / uwTickFreq)) == 0U) {
      /* Configure the SysTick IRQ priority */
      if (TickPriority < (1UL << __NVIC_PRIO_BITS)) {
        HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(SysTick_IRQn, TickPriority, 0U);
        uwTickPrio = TickPriority;
      }
  [...]

  /* Return function status */
  return status;
}

Configuration


/* ########################## Module Selection ############################## */
/* @brief This is the list of modules to be used in the HAL driver */

#define HAL_I2S_MODULE_ENABLED
#define HAL_SPI_MODULE_ENABLED
#define HAL_TIM_MODULE_ENABLED
#define HAL_UART_MODULE_ENABLED

/* ########################## Register Callbacks selection ############################## */
/* @brief This is the list of modules where register callback can be used
          instead of the weak predefined callback */

#define USE_HAL_I2S_REGISTER_CALLBACKS        0U
#define USE_HAL_SPI_REGISTER_CALLBACKS        0U
#define USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS        0U
#define USE_HAL_UART_REGISTER_CALLBACKS       0U

/* ########################## Oscillator Values adaptation ####################*/

#define HSE_VALUE    (24000000UL) /*!< Value of the External oscillator in Hz */
#define HSE_STARTUP_TIMEOUT    (100UL)   /*!< Time out for HSE start up, in ms */

/* ########################### System Configuration ######################### */
/* @brief This is the HAL system configuration section */

#define  VDD_VALUE                   (3300UL) /*!< Value of VDD in mv */
#define  TICK_INT_PRIORITY           (0UL)    /*!< tick interrupt priority (lowest by default)  */
#define  USE_RTOS                     0U
#define  PREFETCH_ENABLE              0U
#define  INSTRUCTION_CACHE_ENABLE     1U
#define  DATA_CACHE_ENABLE            1U

Register Callback

Blog

STM32CubeIDE: The First Free ST IDE with STM32CubeMX Built-in

Books / eBooks

github.com/cnoviello/mastering-stm32/, Repository of all examples presented in the “Mastering STM32” book

YouTube

MOOC – STM32CubeMX and STM32Cube HAL basics (Playlist)
MOOC – STM32CubeIDE basics
MOOC – STM32G0 Workshop
How to build a “Blink LED” project from STM32CubeMX for ST/Atollic TrueSTUDIO for STM32
STM32 Tutorials by Controllers Tech (Playlist)
DAC in STM32 || Sine wave || HAL || CubeIDE
STM32 4 SWO Output
Tutorial CubeMX 4 External Interrupts EXTI

STM32 by Web learning

STM32, by Web learning (Playlist)
HAL: #1 How to – GPIO
HAL: #2 How to – GPIO Interrupt
HAL #10: HowTo Timer with Interrupt
HAL #11: HowTo use the DAC

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PCB Milling Machine

Software

Poor Man’s SMU

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RISC-V

PlatformIO

YouTube

STM32Cube Ecosystem

Pros & Cons

Migration

STLinkUpgrade

Command Line Tools

STM32CubeMX C Code generation

6.1 STM32Cube code generation using only HAL drivers

MSP

HAL vs. LL

YouTube

Interrupts

Critical Section / Mutex

SysTick

Configuration

Register Callback

Blog

Books / eBooks

YouTube

STM32 by Web learning

Solar Cell: Shunt Resistance

ESP32 SMP / Critical sections

John D. Hedengren – Problem Solving with Programming for Engineers

PID Control / PID-Regler

YouTube

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