• Working Tree
• Index / Stage / Staging Area / Cache
• Repository

The Staging Area (also called the “index”) is where Git remembers which changes are marked to be committed. If a change is not “staged” it will not be committed. A change can be as granular as a single changed line in a file, leading to very precise commits. If, after staging a change, you decide you don’t want that change to go into the next commit, you can also “unstage” it.

Stage file: $ git add
Unstage file: $ git reset HEAD

Git Basics – Undoing Things

Removing untracked files from your git working copy
$ git clean -f

git-clean
Removing untracked files from your git working copy

PPA = Personal Package Archives
Repository = A collection of software you can download quickly and easily.

Personal Package Archives for everyone!

Add Repository

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:vala-team
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:irie/blender   ==>   https://launchpad.net/~irie/+archive/blender
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install [...]

Remove Repository

$ sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:vala-team

How can PPAs be removed?

Show current version of package

$ apt-cache policy blender
blender:
  Installed: 2.66a-3ubuntu2
  Candidate: 2.70+git201403201745.dfa5ced-0irie1~saucy1
  Version table:
     2.70+git201403201745.dfa5ced-0irie1~saucy1 0
        500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/irie/blender/ubuntu/ saucy/main i386 Packages
 *** 2.66a-3ubuntu2 0
        500 http://mirror.switch.ch/ftp/mirror/ubuntu/ saucy/universe i386 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

How to check the version before install packages using apt-get
Check package version using apt-get/aptitude?

It’s a bug in the current version and is fixed in trunk as far as I know. So, 2 options:

• Compile Glade from trunk and use that.
• Use this workaround: first add a new Related action (right above the label option) and set Use action appearance to False. Remove the action again if needed.

Edit Label is inactive in Glade

$ sudo apt-get install gnome-common
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  autopoint intltool
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  autopoint gnome-common intltool
0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1163 not upgraded.
Need to get 673 kB of archives.
After this operation, 1,127 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y

$ sudo apt-get install gtk-doc-tools
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  docbook docbook-dsssl docbook-to-man jade libsp1c2 sp
Suggested packages:
  docbook-defguide psgml jadetex docbook-dsssl-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  docbook docbook-dsssl docbook-to-man gtk-doc-tools jade libsp1c2 sp
0 upgraded, 7 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1163 not upgraded.
Need to get 2,895 kB of archives.
After this operation, 13.9 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y

$ sudo apt-get install yelp
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  libyelp0
The following packages will be upgraded:
  libyelp0 yelp
2 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1161 not upgraded.
Need to get 179 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y

$ sudo apt-get install yelp-tools
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  itstool
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  itstool yelp-tools
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1161 not upgraded.
Need to get 35.4 kB of archives.
After this operation, 408 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y

$ sudo apt-get install gobject-introspection
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  libgirepository-1.0-1
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  gobject-introspection
The following packages will be upgraded:
  libgirepository-1.0-1
1 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1160 not upgraded.
Need to get 384 kB of archives.
After this operation, 1,162 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y

$ sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  gstreamer0.10-plugins-base gstreamer0.10-plugins-base:i386 libcroco3 libcroco3:i386 librsvg2-2 librsvg2-2:i386 librsvg2-common librsvg2-common:i386 libsoup2.4-1 libsoup2.4-1:i386 libxml2 libxml2:i386
  libxslt1.1 libxslt1.1:i386
Suggested packages:
  librsvg2-bin librsvg2-bin:i386
Recommended packages:
  xml-core:i386
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libxml2-dev
The following packages will be upgraded:
  gstreamer0.10-plugins-base gstreamer0.10-plugins-base:i386 libcroco3 libcroco3:i386 librsvg2-2 librsvg2-2:i386 librsvg2-common librsvg2-common:i386 libsoup2.4-1 libsoup2.4-1:i386 libxml2 libxml2:i386
  libxslt1.1 libxslt1.1:i386
14 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1146 not upgraded.
Need to get 5,027 kB of archives.
After this operation, 2,888 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y

$ ./configure [...]
$ make clean
$ vi config.status
  Ersetze alle '-g -O2' durch '-ggdb'
$ make clean
$ make