Bluetooth

An Introduction to Bluetooth Programming, TCP/IP vs. Bluetooth

11 Internet of Things (IoT) Protocols You Need to Know About

“Hybride Geräte, die sowohl Bluetooth Classic als auch Bluetooth Low Energy unterstützen, werden „Smart Ready“ genannt”, Wikipedia
“Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), sometimes referred to as “Bluetooth Smart”, is a light-weight subset of classic Bluetooth and was introduced as part of the Bluetooth 4.0 core specification.”, Adafruit

  • HCI = Host Controller Interface (Host [uC] <==> Controller [BT])
  • VHCI = Virtual HCI
  • H4 = UART protocol support
  • BTE = Bluetooth Embedded System
  • BTA = Bluetooth Application Layer
  • Single Mode / Dual Mode: BR/EDR vs. LE
  • Basic Rate (BR)
  • Low Energy (LE)
  • Enhanced Data Rate (EDR)
  • Media Access Control (MAC)
  • Physical (PHY)
  • Alternate MAC/PHY (AMP)
  • PAL (Protocol Adaptation Layer)
  • link manager protocol (LMP)
  • link layer protocol (LL)
  • LE asynchronous connection logical transport (LE ACL)
  • Protocol Adaptation Layer (PAL)
  • Security Manager (SM)
  • Attribute Protocol (ATT)
  • Generic Attribute Profile (GATT)
  • Generic Access Profile (GAP)
  • basic acknowledgement/repeat request (ARQ)
  • Security Manager Protocol (SMP)
  • Asynchronous Connection-Oriented (ACL)
  • Synchronous Connection-Oriented (SCO)
  • Extended SCO (eSCO)
  • Active Slave Broadcast (ASB)
  • LE Advertising Broadcast (ADVB)
  • a

Layer Protocol Architecture

  • Generic Access Profile (GAP)
  • Service Discovery Protocol (SDP)
  • RFCOMM / SMP / ATT
  • L2CAP
  • Link Manager / Link Layer
  • Baseband / Link Controller / PHY

Profile:

  • Personal Area Networking (PAN)
  • LAN Access Point (LAP)
  • Dial-Up Networking (DUN)
  • Serial Port Profile (SPP)

Wikipedia

Bluetooth (de)
Bluetooth (en)
Bluetooth-Profile (de)
List of Bluetooth profiles (en)
Bluetooth stack (en)
Bluetooth Low Energy, BLE, LE (de)
Bluetooth Low Energy, BLE, LE (en)
mbed: Bluetooth Low Energy
android: Bluetooth Low Energy
Near Field Communication (NFC) (de)

Stacks:

  • BlueZ (Linux)
  • BlueDroid (Android)
  • lwBT

Adafruit

Adafruit BLE / Bluetooth Smart

bluetooth.com

Develop with Bluetooth – Developer Tools & Resources
Develop with Bluetooth – Blog
Develop with Bluetooth – Training Videos
Bluetooth Core Specification

Nordic

Tutorials
Bluetooth low energy Advertising, a beginner’s tutorial
Bluetooth low energy Services, a beginner’s tutorial
Bluetooth low energy Characteristics, a beginner’s tutoria

How to distinguish between random and public GAP addresses?

GATT

GATT Specifications (Profi​le ​​Specification​)
GATT Services

ESP32

Bluetooth LE APIs
BLUFI API (2.0)
BLUFI API (latest)
Example routing UART to VHCI directly
Implement Bluetooth BLE — RFC on API

BTstack

BTstack Manual v1.0
github.com/bluekitchen/btstack, BTstack Source
github.com/bluekitchen/btstack/tree/master/chipset, Bluetooth chipset
github.com/bluekitchen/btstack/tree/master/port/esp32, BTstack Port for the Espressif ESP32 Platform
github.com/bluekitchen/btstack/tree/master/port/nrf5x, Experimental port for Nordic nRF5 Series

Android

Android Bluetooth Stack
Bluedroid stack in android
Android-Adding Bluetooth Profile (old!!)

Linux

Direct Control of HCI Device (Bypass Bluetooth Drivers) on Linux
node-bluetooth-hci-socket, Bluetooth HCI socket binding for Node.js
Bluetooth: Using USB bluetooth adapters

Wireshark

Structural unknown HCI Command in Bluetooth LE logs

$ hcitool scan
$ sdptool search OPUSH 00:25:48:FC:98:6D
$ obexftp --nopath --noconn --uuid none --bluetooth 00:25:48:FC:98:6D --channel 6 -p tuxcase.jpg 
[   20.560100] Bluetooth: Core ver 2.21
[   20.560118] Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized
[   20.560121] Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized
[   20.560124] Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized
[   20.560132] Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized
[   20.579146] Bluetooth: HCI UART driver ver 2.3
[   20.579148] Bluetooth: HCI UART protocol H4 registered
[   20.579149] Bluetooth: HCI UART protocol BCSP registered
[   20.579150] Bluetooth: HCI UART protocol LL registered
[   20.579151] Bluetooth: HCI UART protocol ATH3K registered
[   20.579151] Bluetooth: HCI UART protocol Three-wire (H5) registered
[   20.579183] Bluetooth: HCI UART protocol Intel registered
[   20.579200] Bluetooth: HCI UART protocol BCM registered
[   20.579201] Bluetooth: HCI UART protocol QCA registered
[   20.579202] Bluetooth: HCI UART protocol AG6XX registered
[   20.601412] Bluetooth: hci0: Firmware revision 0.1 build 103 week 50 2016
[   21.097388] Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3
[   21.097390] Bluetooth: BNEP filters: protocol multicast
[   21.097393] Bluetooth: BNEP socket layer initialized
[   36.597632] Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized
[   36.597638] Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized
[   36.597643] Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.11
[ 8399.532221] Bluetooth: hci0: Bootloader revision 0.0 build 26 week 38 2015
[ 8399.539943] Bluetooth: hci0: Device revision is 16
[ 8399.539945] Bluetooth: hci0: Secure boot is enabled
[ 8399.539945] Bluetooth: hci0: OTP lock is enabled
[ 8399.539946] Bluetooth: hci0: API lock is enabled
[ 8399.539946] Bluetooth: hci0: Debug lock is disabled
[ 8399.539947] Bluetooth: hci0: Minimum firmware build 1 week 10 2014
[ 8399.542654] Bluetooth: hci0: Found device firmware: intel/ibt-12-16.sfi
[ 8400.960872] Bluetooth: hci0: Waiting for firmware download to complete
[ 8400.961274] Bluetooth: hci0: Firmware loaded in 1398407 usecs
[ 8400.961342] Bluetooth: hci0: Waiting for device to boot
[ 8400.977322] Bluetooth: hci0: Device booted in 15614 usecs
[ 8400.977601] Bluetooth: hci0: Found Intel DDC parameters: intel/ibt-12-16.ddc
[ 8400.979328] Bluetooth: hci0: Applying Intel DDC parameters completed

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