Wikipedia

Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
EFI system partition
BIOS boot partition

Ubuntu

EFI Bootmanagement
EFI Grundlagen
EFI Installieren
EFI Nachbearbeitung
EFI Problembehebung

$ mount | grep efivars 
efivarfs on /sys/firmware/efi/efivars type efivarfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)

$ sudo apt-get install efibootmgr 

$ sudo dmidecode -t 0
# dmidecode 3.0
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 2.6 present.
Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes
BIOS Information
	Vendor: Phoenix Technologies Ltd.
	Version: 02QA
	Release Date: 11/11/2011
	Address: 0xE0000
	Runtime Size: 128 kB
	ROM Size: 2560 kB
	Characteristics:
		PCI is supported
		BIOS is upgradeable
		BIOS shadowing is allowed
		Boot from CD is supported
		Selectable boot is supported
		EDD is supported
		Print screen service is supported (int 5h)
		8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)
		Serial services are supported (int 14h)
		Printer services are supported (int 17h)
		CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h)
		NEC PC-98
		ACPI is supported
		USB legacy is supported
		BIOS boot specification is supported
		Function key-initiated network boot is supported
		Targeted content distribution is supported
	BIOS Revision: 0.1

$ sudo dmidecode -t 1
# dmidecode 3.0
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 2.6 present.
Handle 0x0001, DMI type 1, 27 bytes
System Information
	Manufacturer: SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD.
	Product Name: 300E4A/300E5A/300E7A
	Version: 0.1
	Serial Number: HN0J93FBC00446
	UUID: 3B0E5E40-1DDD-11B2-8000-CD2AC832DD7D
	Wake-up Type: Power Switch
	SKU Number: System SKUNumber
	Family: HuronRiver System

$ sudo efibootmgr -v 
BootCurrent: 0008
Timeout: 0 seconds
BootOrder: 0008,0003,0005,0006,0007,0009
Boot0000  Setup	FvFile(721c8b66-426c-4e86-8e99-3457c46ab0b9)
Boot0001  Boot Menu	FvFile(86488440-41bb-42c7-93ac-450fbf7766bf)
Boot0002  Recovery	FvFile(ab4579c4-3bc5-4489-a88e-0f21e6cebf85)
Boot0003* SATA CD:	VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,aea2090adfde214e8b3a5e471856a354)
Boot0004* CD-ROM:	VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,be9d0102e211f3489efa0b983c96839b)
Boot0005* SATA HDD:	VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,91af625956449f41a7b91f4f892ab0f600)
Boot0006* USB CD:	VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,86701296aa5a7848b66cd49dd3ba6a55)
Boot0007* USB FDD:	VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,6ff015a28830b543a8b8641009461e49)
Boot0008* USB HDD:	VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,33e821aaaf33bc4789bd419f88c50803)
Boot0009* NETWORK:	VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,78a84aaf2b2afc4ea79cf5cc8f3d3803)

$ sudo parted -l
Model: ATA Samsung SSD 850 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 120GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End    Size    File system     Name        Flags
 3      1049kB  269MB  268MB                   gpt-boot
 4      269MB   286MB  16.8MB  fat16           gpt-grub    msftdata
 1      108GB   119GB  10.5GB  ext4            linux-root
 2      119GB   120GB  1074MB  linux-swap(v1)  linux-swap

Warning: The driver descriptor says the physical block size is 2048 bytes, but
Linux says it is 512 bytes.

grub-efi-amd64-signed

# apt-get install shim-signed
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
shim-signed is already the newest version (1.18~16.04.1+0.8-0ubuntu2).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 328 not upgraded.
2 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
E: Can not write log (Is /dev/pts mounted?) - posix_openpt (2: No such file or directory)
Setting up grub-efi-amd64-signed (1.66.2+2.02~beta2-36ubuntu3.2) ...
Installing for x86_64-efi platform.
grub-install: error: cannot find EFI directory.
dpkg: error processing package grub-efi-amd64-signed (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
Setting up shim-signed (1.18~16.04.1+0.8-0ubuntu2) ...

Installing for x86_64-efi platform.
grub-install: error: cannot find EFI directory. <=======

dpkg: error processing package shim-signed (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
 grub-efi-amd64-signed
 shim-signed
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

boot-repair

Boot-Repair