Category Archives: Debian

Serial Port Access Control

Problem:

Cannot open /dev/ttyS0: Permission denied

Answer:

$ ls -la /dev/ttyUSB0 
crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 188, 0 Sep 29 17:59 /dev/ttyUSB0

$ groups $USER
andreas : andreas adm cdrom sudo dip plugdev lpadmin sambashare wireshark

$ sudo gpasswd --add $USER dialout
Adding user andreas to group dialout

$ groups $USER
andreas : andreas adm dialout cdrom sudo dip plugdev lpadmin sambashare wireshark

Source: Serial port terminal > Cannot open /dev/ttyS0: Permission denied

Grub2: Edit Boot Order / Boot Reihenfolge

00_header
05_debian_theme
06_os-prober (default: 30_os-prober)
10_linux
20_linux_xen
20_memtest86+
30_uefi-firmware
40_custom
41_custom
GRUB_TIMEOUT=3
# update-grub2
Generating grub.cfg ... => /boot/grub/grub.cfg
Found Microsoft Windows XP Professional on /dev/sda1
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.8.0-30-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.8.0-30-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.8.0-19-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.8.0-19-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
done

WD MyBook Live: mediacrawler aus Autostart nehmen

[root@MyBookLive ~]# vi /etc/nas/service_startup/orion
Vorher: enabled
Nachher: disabled

mediacrawler:
[root@MyBookLive ~]# update-rc.d -f orion remove
 Removing any system startup links for /etc/init.d/orion ...
   /etc/rc0.d/K05orion
   /etc/rc2.d/S86orion
   /etc/rc3.d/K05orion
   /etc/rc4.d/K05orion
   /etc/rc6.d/K05orion

twonky:
[root@MyBookLive ~]# update-rc.d -f twonky remove
 Removing any system startup links for /etc/init.d/twonky ...
   /etc/rc0.d/K10twonky
   /etc/rc2.d/S85twonky
   /etc/rc3.d/K10twonky
   /etc/rc4.d/K10twonky
   /etc/rc6.d/K10twonky

itunes:
[root@MyBookLive ~]# update-rc.d -f forked-daapd remove
 Removing any system startup links for /etc/init.d/forked-daapd ...
   /etc/rc0.d/K10forked-daapd
   /etc/rc2.d/S84forked-daapd
   /etc/rc3.d/K10forked-daapd
   /etc/rc4.d/K10forked-daapd
   /etc/rc6.d/K10forked-daapd
# update-rc.d -f orion remove
Removing any system startup links for /etc/init.d/orion ...
   /etc/rc0.d/K05orion
   /etc/rc2.d/S86orion
   /etc/rc3.d/K05orion
   /etc/rc4.d/K05orion
   /etc/rc6.d/K05orion

# /etc/init.d/orion stop

# update-rc.d orion defaults; /etc/init.d/orion start

Inject packets from PCAP-format

tcpreplay / tcprewrite

$ sudo apt-get install tcpreplay
$ tcpreplay -t -L <limit> -i <interface> <file.cap>

Options:
-i string, --intf1=string      Server/primary traffic output interface.
-I string, --intf2=string      Client/secondary traffic output interface.
-L number, --limit=number      Limit the number of packets to send.

-M float , --mbps=float        Replay packets at a given Mbps. Specify a floating point value.
-t,        --topspeed          Replay packets as fast as possible. 
-p number, --pps=number        Replay packets at a given packets/sec.
without -t or -p               Send out packets as in the timestamp of each packet of the PCAP file.

tcpreplay.synfin.net Wiki: tcpreplay
tcpreplay.synfin.net Wiki: tcprewrite
How to capture and replay network traffic on Linux

ostinato

packeth

$ sudo apt-get install packeth
$ sudo packeth
Load -> PCAP

netdude

Netdude 0.5.1 and libnetdude 0.12 released
Edit PCAP files in a GUI.
Netdude Homepage
Netdude Source

mergecap

Merges two or more capture files into one

mergecap [ -a ] [ -v ] -w <outfile> <infile> [<infile> ...]
-a             Causes the frame timestamps to be ignored. 
               When -a is not specified, the contents of the input files are merged
               in chronological order based on each frame's timestamp.
-v             Causes mergecap to print a number of messages while it's working.
-w  <outfile>  Sets the output filename.

capinfos

Prints information about capture files

-a    Displays the start time of the capture.
-e    Displays the end time of the capture.
-c    Displays the number of packets in the capture file.
-u    Displays the capture duration, in seconds.
-S    Display the start and end times as seconds (unixtime)

editcap

Edit and/or translate the format of capture files

-A  <start time>               Saves only the packets whose timestamp is on or after start time. 
-B  <stop time>                Saves only the packets whose timestamp is before stop time.
-t  <time adjustment>          Sets the time adjustment to use on selected packets.
                               The adjustment is specified as [-]seconds[.fractional seconds].
-S  <strict time adjustment>   Time adjust selected packets to insure strict chronological order.
                               The value represents relative seconds specified as [-]seconds[.fractional seconds].
                               If the value is 0 or greater then only packets with a timestamp less than the previous packet will be adjusted.
                               If the value is specified as a negative value, then the timestamp values of all packets will be adjusted
                               to be equal to the timestamp value of the previous packet plus the absolute value of the value

Grub install

Ohne EFI

sudo bash
mount /dev/sda2 /mnt 
mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/boot 

mount -o bind /dev /mnt/dev 
mount -o bind /sys /mnt/sys 
mount -t proc /proc /mnt/proc 

chroot /mnt /bin/bash 
grub-install /dev/sda
update-grub
exit

Sollte der Fehler “Could not find device for /boot: Not found or not a block device.” auftreten, gibt man folgende Zeile vor dem grub-install ein:

cp /proc/mounts /etc/mtab 

Mit EFI

sudo bash
mount /dev/sda2 /mnt 
mount /dev/sda1 /boot/efi

mount -o bind /dev /mnt/dev 
mount -o bind /sys /mnt/sys 
mount -t proc /proc /mnt/proc 

chroot /mnt /bin/bash 
grub-install /dev/sda
update-grub
exit

HP EliteBook G4

$ sudo parted -l
Model: THNSN5512GPUK TOSHIBA (nvme)
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 512GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End    Size    File system     Name                          Flags
 1      1049kB  379MB  377MB   fat32           EFI system partition          boot, esp
 2      379MB   395MB  16.8MB                  Microsoft reserved partition  msftres
 3      395MB   325GB  325GB                   Basic data partition          msftdata
 4      325GB   495GB  170GB   ext4
 5      495GB   512GB  16.7GB  linux-swap(v1)

mount /dev/nvme0n1p4 /mnt
mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /mnt/boot/efi

mount -o bind /dev /mnt/dev 
mount -o bind /sys /mnt/sys 
mount -t proc /proc /mnt/proc 
chroot /mnt /bin/bash

grub-install /dev/nvme0n1
Installing for x86_64-efi platform.
Installation finished. No error reported.

update-grub2 
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub.d/50_linuxmint.cfg'
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-54-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-54-generic
  WARNING: Failed to connect to lvmetad. Falling back to device scanning.
grub-probe: error: cannot find a GRUB drive for /dev/sda1.  Check your device.map.
Adding boot menu entry for EFI firmware configuration
done

<NO CHAIL>
os-prober | tr ' ' '^' | paste -s -d ' '
</NO CHAIL>

mv /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober /etc/grub.d/06_os-prober
vi /etc/grub.d/06_os-prober

#OSPROBED="`os-prober | tr ' ' '^' | paste -s -d ' '`"
OSPROBED="/dev/nvme0n1p1@/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi:Windows^Boot^Manager:Windows:efi /dev/nvme0n1p4:Linux^Mint^19.2^Tina^(19.2):LinuxMint:linux"

update-grub2
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub.d/50_linuxmint.cfg'
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found Windows Boot Manager on /dev/nvme0n1p1@/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
Found Linux Mint 19.2 Tina (19.2) on /dev/nvme0n1p4
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-54-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-54-generic
Adding boot menu entry for EFI firmware configuration
done

# sudo efibootmgr -v
BootCurrent: 000D
Timeout: 0 seconds
BootOrder: 0011,0013,000D,000A,0010,000E,000B,000C,0000,0001,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,0009,000F
Boot0000  Startup Menu	FvVol(a881d567-6cb0-4eee-8435-2e72d33e45b5)/FvFile(9d8243e8-8381-453d-aceb-c350ee7757ca)....ISPH
Boot0001  System Information	FvVol(a881d567-6cb0-4eee-8435-2e72d33e45b5)/FvFile(9d8243e8-8381-453d-aceb-c350ee7757ca)......ISPH
Boot0002  Bios Setup	FvVol(a881d567-6cb0-4eee-8435-2e72d33e45b5)/FvFile(9d8243e8-8381-453d-aceb-c350ee7757ca)......ISPH
Boot0003  3rd Party Option ROM Management	FvVol(a881d567-6cb0-4eee-8435-2e72d33e45b5)/FvFile(9d8243e8-8381-453d-aceb-c350ee7757ca)......ISPH
Boot0004  System Diagnostics	FvVol(a881d567-6cb0-4eee-8435-2e72d33e45b5)/FvFile(9d8243e8-8381-453d-aceb-c350ee7757ca)......ISPH
Boot0005  System Diagnostics	FvVol(a881d567-6cb0-4eee-8435-2e72d33e45b5)/FvFile(9d8243e8-8381-453d-aceb-c350ee7757ca)......ISPH
Boot0006  System Diagnostics	FvVol(a881d567-6cb0-4eee-8435-2e72d33e45b5)/FvFile(9d8243e8-8381-453d-aceb-c350ee7757ca)......ISPH
Boot0007  System Diagnostics	FvVol(a881d567-6cb0-4eee-8435-2e72d33e45b5)/FvFile(9d8243e8-8381-453d-aceb-c350ee7757ca)......ISPH
Boot0008  Boot Menu	FvVol(a881d567-6cb0-4eee-8435-2e72d33e45b5)/FvFile(9d8243e8-8381-453d-aceb-c350ee7757ca)......ISPH
Boot0009  HP Recovery	FvVol(a881d567-6cb0-4eee-8435-2e72d33e45b5)/FvFile(9d8243e8-8381-453d-aceb-c350ee7757ca)......ISPH
Boot000A* IPV4 Network - Intel(R) Ethernet Connection (4) I219-V	PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1f,0x6)/MAC(40b034e99e48,0)/IPv4(0.0.0.00.0.0.0,0,0)N.....YM....R,Y.....ISPH
Boot000B* THNSN5512GPUK TOSHIBA-27BS1003T52T	BBS(HD,THNSN5512GPUK TOSHIBA-27BS1003T52T,0x400)/PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1d,0x0)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/NVMe(0x1,00-08-0D-02-00-1D-9C-DA)......ISPH
Boot000C* Intel Corporation: IBA CL Slot 00FE v0110	BBS(Network,Intel Corporation: IBA CL Slot 00FE v0110,0x0)/PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1f,0x6)/IPv4(0.0.0.00.0.0.0,0,0)......ISPH
Boot000D* Verbatim STORE N GO 1242000000000826	PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x14,0x0)/USB(1,0)N.....YM....R,Y.....ISPH
Boot000E  USB:  	BBS(65535,,0x0)/PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x14,0x0)......ISPH
Boot000F  Network Boot	FvVol(a881d567-6cb0-4eee-8435-2e72d33e45b5)/FvFile(9d8243e8-8381-453d-aceb-c350ee7757ca)......ISPH
Boot0010* IPV6 Network - Intel(R) Ethernet Connection (4) I219-V	PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1f,0x6)/MAC(40b034e99e48,0)/IPv6([::]:<->[::]:,0,0)N.....YM....R,Y.....ISPH
Boot0011* ubuntu	HD(1,GPT,7f3b4501-d7e9-450e-b82a-5104c336081c,0x800,0xb4000)/File(\EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi)
Boot0013* Windows Boot Manager	HD(1,GPT,7f3b4501-d7e9-450e-b82a-5104c336081c,0x800,0xb4000)/File(\EFI\Microsoft\Boot\bootmgfw.efi)WINDOWS.........x...B.C.D.O.B.J.E.C.T.=.{.9.d.e.a.8.6.2.c.-.5.c.d.d.-.4.e.7.0.-.a.c.c.1.-.f.3.2.b.3.4.4.d.4.7.9.5.}...te...................ISPH

# sudo efibootmgr -o 0011
BootCurrent: 000D
Timeout: 0 seconds
BootOrder: 0011
Boot0000  Startup Menu
Boot0001  System Information
Boot0002  Bios Setup
Boot0003  3rd Party Option ROM Management
Boot0004  System Diagnostics
Boot0005  System Diagnostics
Boot0006  System Diagnostics
Boot0007  System Diagnostics
Boot0008  Boot Menu
Boot0009  HP Recovery
Boot000A* IPV4 Network - Intel(R) Ethernet Connection (4) I219-V
Boot000B* THNSN5512GPUK TOSHIBA-27BS1003T52T
Boot000C* Intel Corporation: IBA CL Slot 00FE v0110
Boot000D* Verbatim STORE N GO 1242000000000826
Boot000E  USB:  
Boot000F  Network Boot
Boot0010* IPV6 Network - Intel(R) Ethernet Connection (4) I219-V
Boot0011* ubuntu
Boot0013* Windows Boot Manager


# grub-install -v
grub-install: info: executing modprobe efivars 2>/dev/null.
grub-install: info: Looking for /sys/firmware/efi ...
grub-install: info: ...found.
Installing for x86_64-efi platform.
grub-install: info: adding `hd0' -> `/dev/nvme0n1' from device.map.
grub-install: info: /dev/nvme0n1p1 is present.
grub-install: info: Looking for /dev/nvme0n1p1.
grub-install: info: /dev/nvme0n1 is a parent of /dev/nvme0n1p1.
grub-install: info: /dev/nvme0n1p1 starts from 2048.
grub-install: info: opening the device hd0.
[...]
grub-install: info: scanning hd0 for LDM.
grub-install: info: no LDM signature found.
grub-install: info: Scanning for lvm devices on disk hd0.
grub-install: info: no LVM signature found.
grub-install: info: Partition 0 starts from 2048.
grub-install: info: /dev/nvme0n1p1 is present.
grub-install: info: Looking for /dev/nvme0n1p1.
grub-install: info: /dev/nvme0n1 is a parent of /dev/nvme0n1p1.
grub-install: info: /dev/nvme0n1p1 starts from 2048.
grub-install: info: opening the device hd0.
[...]
grub-install: info: Partition 0 starts from 2048.
grub-install: info: drive = 0.
grub-install: info: the size of hd0 is 1000215216.
grub-install: info: copying `/usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/net.mod' -> `/boot/grub/x86_64-efi/net.mod'.
[...]
grub-install: info: /dev/nvme0n1p4 is present.
grub-install: info: Looking for /dev/nvme0n1p4.
grub-install: info: /dev/nvme0n1 is a parent of /dev/nvme0n1p4.
grub-install: info: /dev/nvme0n1p4 starts from 635619328.
grub-install: info: opening the device hd0.
[...]
grub-install: info: Partition 0 starts from 2048.
grub-install: info: grub-mkimage --directory '/usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi' --prefix '/boot/grub' --output '/boot/grub/x86_64-efi/core.efi' --format 'x86_64-efi' --compression 'auto'  --config '/boot/grub/x86_64-efi/load.cfg' 'ext2' 'part_gpt' 'search_fs_uuid' 
.
grub-install: info: the size of config file is 0x68.
grub-install: info: the total module size is 0x53e8.
grub-install: info: reading /usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/kernel.img.
[...]
grub-install: info: Registering with EFI: distributor = `ubuntu', path = `\EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi', ESP at hd0,gpt1.
grub-install: info: executing efibootmgr --version </dev/null >/dev/null.
grub-install: info: executing modprobe -q efivars.
grub-install: info: executing efibootmgr -b 0011 -B.
[...]
grub-install: info: executing efibootmgr -c -d /dev/nvme0n1 -p 1 -w -L ubuntu -l \EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi.

Boot-Repair

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair
sudo chroot "/mnt/boot-sav/sda5" dpkg --configure -a
sudo chroot "/mnt/boot-sav/sda5" apt-get install -fy
sudo chroot "/mnt/boot-sav/sda5" apt-get purge -y --force-yes grub*-common grub-common:i386 shim-signed linux-signed*
sudo chroot "/mnt/boot-sav/sda5" apt-get install -y --force-yes grub-pc linux-generic

Kernel Book Verbose

How do I enable verbose mode at boot?
How to enable boot messages to be printed on screen during boot up?

# If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
# /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="nosplash debug"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
  1. Start your system and wait for the GRUB menu to show (if you don’t see a GRUB menu, press and hold the left Shift key right after starting the system).
  2. Now highlight the kernel you want to use, and press the e key. You should be able to see and edit the commands associated with the highlighted kernel.
  3. Go down to the line starting with linux and remove the parameters quiet and splash.
  4. Now press Ctrl + x to boot.

Debian: apt-get NO_PUBKEY

Keyserver:
keyring.debian.org
pgpkeys.mit.edu
subkeys.pgp.net
keyserver.ubuntu.com

[root@MyBookLive ~]# apt-get update
[...]
W: GPG error: http://ftp.us.debian.org squeeze Release: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY AED4B06F473041FA NO_PUBKEY 64481591B98321F9
W: You may want to run apt-get update to correct these problems

[root@MyBookLive ~]# gpg --keyserver pgpkeys.mit.edu --recv-key AED4B06F473041FA
gpg: directory `/root/.gnupg' created
gpg: new configuration file `/root/.gnupg/gpg.conf' created
gpg: WARNING: options in `/root/.gnupg/gpg.conf' are not yet active during this run
gpg: keyring `/root/.gnupg/secring.gpg' created
gpg: keyring `/root/.gnupg/pubring.gpg' created
gpg: requesting key 473041FA from hkp server pgpkeys.mit.edu
gpg: /root/.gnupg/trustdb.gpg: trustdb created
gpg: key 473041FA: public key "Debian Archive Automatic Signing Key (6.0/squeeze) <ftpmaster@debian.org>" imported
gpg: no ultimately trusted keys found
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg:               imported: 1  (RSA: 1)
[root@MyBookLive ~]# gpg --keyserver pgpkeys.mit.edu --recv-key 64481591B98321F9
gpg: requesting key B98321F9 from hkp server pgpkeys.mit.edu
gpg: key B98321F9: public key "Squeeze Stable Release Key <debian-release@lists.debian.org>" imported
gpg: no ultimately trusted keys found
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg:               imported: 1  (RSA: 1)
[root@MyBookLive ~]# gpg -a --export AED4B06F473041FA | sudo apt-key add -
OK
[root@MyBookLive ~]# gpg -a --export 64481591B98321F9 | sudo apt-key add -
OK

Alternativ:

root@MyBookLive ~]# sudo apt-key adv --keyserver pgpkeys.mit.edu --recv-keys AED4B06F473041FA 64481591B98321F9
Executing: gpg --ignore-time-conflict --no-options --no-default-keyring --secret-keyring /etc/apt/secring.gpg --trustdb-name /etc/apt/trustdb.gpg --keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg --keyserver pgpkeys.mit.edu --recv-keys AED4B06F473041FA 64481591B98321F9
gpg: requesting key 473041FA from hkp server pgpkeys.mit.edu
gpg: requesting key B98321F9 from hkp server pgpkeys.mit.edu
gpg: key 473041FA: "Debian Archive Automatic Signing Key (6.0/squeeze) <ftpmaster@debian.org>" not changed
gpg: key B98321F9: "Squeeze Stable Release Key <debian-release@lists.debian.org>" not changed
gpg: Total number processed: 2
gpg:              unchanged: 2

pyload

deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ squeeze main contrib non-free
apt-get install tesseract-ocr tesseract-ocr-eng \
                python-crypto python-pycurl \
                python-imaging python-beaker \
                python-django
apt-get install spidermonkey-bin python-simplejson 
apt-get install screen
apt-get install unrar
AllowUsers root pyload
hg clone http://bitbucket.org/spoob/pyload#stable
ClickAndLoad - "ClickAndLoad":
        bool extern : "Allow external link adding" = True
        bool activated : "Activated" = True

sorry.. habe ewig nicht mehr auf meine privaten nachrichten geschaut, obwohl ich oft auf boerse unterwegs bin…
wie das geht mit dem pyload (falls noch interesse besteht)..

Allgemein: Wenn du auf den “ClickNLoad” Button klickst, wird im Hintergrund eine Information an Lokal (127.0.0.1) geschickt. Diese Information bedient sich eines bestimmten Ports (9667)…

Wenn du nun deinem Rechner sagst, dass es alle Informationen, die auf einen bestimmten Port (9667) gesendet werden, weiterleiten soll auf eben deinen “pyload-Server”, dann geht diese Information statt auf deinen Lokalen Rechner auf den Server und somit kannst du lokal klicken und dein Server erkennt die zu herunterladenden Dateien…

Das alles kannst du mit einem SSH-Tunnel erledigen…
der befehlt sieht wie folgt aus…

ssh -L 127.0.0.1:9667:[ServerIP]:8000 -N 127.0.0.1

du solltest SSH auf deinem Rechner freigegeben haben (SSH-Server!!)
und schon ist der Tunnel hergestellt…

greets

Bash prompt

CLICOLOR and LS_COLORS in bash
dircolors: modify color settings globaly
COLORS-Lscolors

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
      . ~/.bashrc
fi

# .profile doesn't been parsed by "su"
if [ -f /usr/local/etc/bashrc ]; then
      . /usr/local/etc/bashrc
fi

How can I shorten my command line (bash) prompt?
Color Bash Prompt
Don’t Reinvent the Wheel

PROMPT_DIRTRIM=3
LS_COLORS="rs=0:di=01;34:ln=01;36:mh=00:pi=40;33:so=01;35:do=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=40;31;01:su=37;41:sg=30;43:ca=30;41:tw=30;42:ow=34;42:st=37;44:ex=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.lzma=01;31:*.tlz=01;31:*.txz=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.Z=01;31:*.dz=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.lz=01;31:*.xz=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tbz=01;31:*.tbz2=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.deb=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.jar=01;31:*.war=01;31:*.ear=01;31:*.sar=01;31:*.rar=01;31:*.ace=01;31:*.zoo=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.7z=01;31:*.rz=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.jpeg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.pbm=01;35:*.pgm=01;35:*.ppm=01;35:*.tga=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.tif=01;35:*.tiff=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.svg=01;35:*.svgz=01;35:*.mng=01;35:*.pcx=01;35:*.mov=01;35:*.mpg=01;35:*.mpeg=01;35:*.m2v=01;35:*.mkv=01;35:*.webm=01;35:*.ogm=01;35:*.mp4=01;35:*.m4v=01;35:*.mp4v=01;35:*.vob=01;35:*.qt=01;35:*.nuv=01;35:*.wmv=01;35:*.asf=01;35:*.rm=01;35:*.rmvb=01;35:*.flc=01;35:*.avi=01;35:*.fli=01;35:*.flv=01;35:*.gl=01;35:*.dl=01;35:*.xcf=01;35:*.xwd=01;35:*.yuv=01;35:*.cgm=01;35:*.emf=01;35:*.axv=01;35:*.anx=01;35:*.ogv=01;35:*.ogx=01;35:*.aac=00;36:*.au=00;36:*.flac=00;36:*.mid=00;36:*.midi=00;36:*.mka=00;36:*.mp3=00;36:*.mpc=00;36:*.ogg=00;36:*.ra=00;36:*.wav=00;36:*.axa=00;36:*.oga=00;36:*.spx=00;36:*.xspf=00;36:"
CLICOLOR=yes
LSCOLORS=Exfxcxdxbxegedabagacad
TITLEBAR='\[\e]0;\u@\h: \w\a\]'

NONE="\[\033[0m\]"    # unsets color to term's fg color

# regular colors
K="\[\033[0;30m\]"    # black
R="\[\033[0;31m\]"    # red
G="\[\033[0;32m\]"    # green
Y="\[\033[0;33m\]"    # yellow
B="\[\033[0;34m\]"    # blue
M="\[\033[0;35m\]"    # magenta
C="\[\033[0;36m\]"    # cyan
W="\[\033[0;37m\]"    # white

# emphasized (bolded) colors
EMK="\[\033[1;30m\]"
EMR="\[\033[1;31m\]"
EMG="\[\033[1;32m\]"
EMY="\[\033[1;33m\]"
EMB="\[\033[1;34m\]"
EMM="\[\033[1;35m\]"
EMC="\[\033[1;36m\]"
EMW="\[\033[1;37m\]"

# background colors
BGK="\[\033[40m\]"
BGR="\[\033[41m\]"
BGG="\[\033[42m\]"
BGY="\[\033[43m\]"
BGB="\[\033[44m\]"
BGM="\[\033[45m\]"
BGC="\[\033[46m\]"
BGW="\[\033[47m\]"

UC=$EMW               # user's color
[ $UID -eq "0" ] && UC=$R   # root's color

PS1="${TITLEBAR}${EMR}[${UC}\u${EMR}@${UC}\h ${EMB}\w${EMR}]${UC}\\$ ${NONE}"
#!/usr/bin/env bash
 
# Linux
#export LS_COLORS="rs=0:di=01;34:ln=01;36:mh=00:pi=40;33:so=01;35:do=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=40;31;01:su=37;41:sg=30;43:ca=30;41:tw=30;42:ow=34;42:st=37;44:ex=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.lzma=01;31:*.tlz=01;31:*.txz=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.Z=01;31:*.dz=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.lz=01;31:*.xz=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tbz=01;31:*.tbz2=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.deb=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.jar=01;31:*.war=01;31:*.ear=01;31:*.sar=01;31:*.rar=01;31:*.ace=01;31:*.zoo=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.7z=01;31:*.rz=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.jpeg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.pbm=01;35:*.pgm=01;35:*.ppm=01;35:*.tga=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.tif=01;35:*.tiff=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.svg=01;35:*.svgz=01;35:*.mng=01;35:*.pcx=01;35:*.mov=01;35:*.mpg=01;35:*.mpeg=01;35:*.m2v=01;35:*.mkv=01;35:*.webm=01;35:*.ogm=01;35:*.mp4=01;35:*.m4v=01;35:*.mp4v=01;35:*.vob=01;35:*.qt=01;35:*.nuv=01;35:*.wmv=01;35:*.asf=01;35:*.rm=01;35:*.rmvb=01;35:*.flc=01;35:*.avi=01;35:*.fli=01;35:*.flv=01;35:*.gl=01;35:*.dl=01;35:*.xcf=01;35:*.xwd=01;35:*.yuv=01;35:*.cgm=01;35:*.emf=01;35:*.axv=01;35:*.anx=01;35:*.ogv=01;35:*.ogx=01;35:*.aac=00;36:*.au=00;36:*.flac=00;36:*.mid=00;36:*.midi=00;36:*.mka=00;36:*.mp3=00;36:*.mpc=00;36:*.ogg=00;36:*.ra=00;36:*.wav=00;36:*.axa=00;36:*.oga=00;36:*.spx=00;36:*.xspf=00;36:"
eval "$(dircolors -b /etc/DIR_COLORS)"
alias ls='ls -F --color --show-control-chars'

# FreeBSD
DIR=Ex
SYM_LINK=Gx
SOCKET=Fx
PIPE=dx
EXE=Cx
BLOCK_SP=Dx
CHAR_SP=Dx
EXE_SUID=hb
EXE_GUID=ad
DIR_STICKY=Ex
DIR_WO_STICKY=Ex
export LSCOLORS="$DIR$SYM_LINK$SOCKET$PIPE$EXE$BLOCK_SP$CHAR_SP$EXE_SUID$EXE_GUID$DIR_STICKY$DIR_WO_STICKY"
export CLICOLOR="YES"
 
bash_prompt_command() {
    # How many characters of the $PWD should be kept
    local pwdmaxlen=30
    # Indicate that there has been dir truncation
    local trunc_symbol=".."
    local dir=${PWD##*/}
    pwdmaxlen=$(( ( pwdmaxlen < ${#dir} ) ? ${#dir} : pwdmaxlen ))
    NEW_PWD=${PWD/#$HOME/\~}
    local pwdoffset=$(( ${#NEW_PWD} - pwdmaxlen ))
    if [ ${pwdoffset} -gt "0" ]
    then
        NEW_PWD=${NEW_PWD:$pwdoffset:$pwdmaxlen}
        NEW_PWD=${trunc_symbol}/${NEW_PWD#*/}
    fi
}
 
bash_prompt() {
    case $TERM in
     xterm*|rxvt*)
         local TITLEBAR='\[\033]0;\u:${NEW_PWD}\007\]'
          ;;
     *)
         local TITLEBAR=""
          ;;
    esac
    local NONE="\[\033[0m\]"    # unsets color to term's fg color
 
    # regular colors
    local K="\[\033[0;30m\]"    # black
    local R="\[\033[0;31m\]"    # red
    local G="\[\033[0;32m\]"    # green
    local Y="\[\033[0;33m\]"    # yellow
    local B="\[\033[0;34m\]"    # blue
    local M="\[\033[0;35m\]"    # magenta
    local C="\[\033[0;36m\]"    # cyan
    local W="\[\033[0;37m\]"    # white
 
    # emphasized (bolded) colors
    local EMK="\[\033[1;30m\]"
    local EMR="\[\033[1;31m\]"
    local EMG="\[\033[1;32m\]"
    local EMY="\[\033[1;33m\]"
    local EMB="\[\033[1;34m\]"
    local EMM="\[\033[1;35m\]"
    local EMC="\[\033[1;36m\]"
    local EMW="\[\033[1;37m\]"
 
    # background colors
    local BGK="\[\033[40m\]"
    local BGR="\[\033[41m\]"
    local BGG="\[\033[42m\]"
    local BGY="\[\033[43m\]"
    local BGB="\[\033[44m\]"
    local BGM="\[\033[45m\]"
    local BGC="\[\033[46m\]"
    local BGW="\[\033[47m\]"
 
    local UC=$EMW               # user's color
    [ $UID -eq "0" ] && UC=$R   # root's color
 
    PS1="${TITLEBAR}${EMR}[${UC}\u${EMR}@${UC}\h ${EMB}\${NEW_PWD}${EMR}]${UC}\\$ ${NONE}"
 
    # without colors: PS1="[\u@\h \${NEW_PWD}]\\$ "
    # extra backslash in front of \$ to make bash colorize the prompt
}
 
PROMPT_COMMAND=bash_prompt_command
bash_prompt
# =============================================================== #
#
# PERSONAL $HOME/.bashrc FILE for bash-3.0 (or later)
# By Emmanuel Rouat [no-email]
#
# Last modified: Tue Nov 20 22:04:47 CET 2012

#  This file is normally read by interactive shells only.
#+ Here is the place to define your aliases, functions and
#+ other interactive features like your prompt.
#
#  The majority of the code here assumes you are on a GNU
#+ system (most likely a Linux box) and is often based on code
#+ found on Usenet or Internet.
#
#  See for instance:
#  http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/index.html
#  http://www.caliban.org/bash
#  http://www.shelldorado.com/scripts/categories.html
#  http://www.dotfiles.org
#
#  The choice of colors was done for a shell with a dark background
#+ (white on black), and this is usually also suited for pure text-mode
#+ consoles (no X server available). If you use a white background,
#+ you'll have to do some other choices for readability.
#
#  This bashrc file is a bit overcrowded.
#  Remember, it is just just an example.
#  Tailor it to your needs.
#
# =============================================================== #

# --> Comments added by HOWTO author.

# If not running interactively, don't do anything
[ -z "$PS1" ] && return


#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Source global definitions (if any)
#-------------------------------------------------------------


if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
      . /etc/bashrc   # --> Read /etc/bashrc, if present.
fi


#--------------------------------------------------------------
#  Automatic setting of $DISPLAY (if not set already).
#  This works for me - your mileage may vary. . . .
#  The problem is that different types of terminals give
#+ different answers to 'who am i' (rxvt in particular can be
#+ troublesome) - however this code seems to work in a majority
#+ of cases.
#--------------------------------------------------------------

function get_xserver ()
{
    case $TERM in
        xterm )
            XSERVER=$(who am i | awk '{print $NF}' | tr -d ')''(' )
            # Ane-Pieter Wieringa suggests the following alternative:
            #  I_AM=$(who am i)
            #  SERVER=${I_AM#*(}
            #  SERVER=${SERVER%*)}
            XSERVER=${XSERVER%%:*}
            ;;
            aterm | rxvt)
            # Find some code that works here. ...
            ;;
    esac
}

if [ -z ${DISPLAY:=""} ]; then
    get_xserver
    if [[ -z ${XSERVER}  || ${XSERVER} == $(hostname) ||
       ${XSERVER} == "unix" ]]; then
          DISPLAY=":0.0"          # Display on local host.
    else
       DISPLAY=${XSERVER}:0.0     # Display on remote host.
    fi
fi

export DISPLAY

#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Some settings
#-------------------------------------------------------------

#set -o nounset     # These  two options are useful for debugging.
#set -o xtrace
alias debug="set -o nounset; set -o xtrace"

ulimit -S -c 0      # Don't want coredumps.
set -o notify
set -o noclobber
set -o ignoreeof


# Enable options:
shopt -s cdspell
shopt -s cdable_vars
shopt -s checkhash
shopt -s checkwinsize
shopt -s sourcepath
shopt -s no_empty_cmd_completion
shopt -s cmdhist
shopt -s histappend histreedit histverify
shopt -s extglob       # Necessary for programmable completion.

# Disable options:
shopt -u mailwarn
unset MAILCHECK        # Don't want my shell to warn me of incoming mail.


#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Greeting, motd etc. ...
#-------------------------------------------------------------

# Color definitions (taken from Color Bash Prompt HowTo).
# Some colors might look different of some terminals.
# For example, I see 'Bold Red' as 'orange' on my screen,
# hence the 'Green' 'BRed' 'Red' sequence I often use in my prompt.


# Normal Colors
Black='\e[0;30m'        # Black
Red='\e[0;31m'          # Red
Green='\e[0;32m'        # Green
Yellow='\e[0;33m'       # Yellow
Blue='\e[0;34m'         # Blue
Purple='\e[0;35m'       # Purple
Cyan='\e[0;36m'         # Cyan
White='\e[0;37m'        # White

# Bold
BBlack='\e[1;30m'       # Black
BRed='\e[1;31m'         # Red
BGreen='\e[1;32m'       # Green
BYellow='\e[1;33m'      # Yellow
BBlue='\e[1;34m'        # Blue
BPurple='\e[1;35m'      # Purple
BCyan='\e[1;36m'        # Cyan
BWhite='\e[1;37m'       # White

# Background
On_Black='\e[40m'       # Black
On_Red='\e[41m'         # Red
On_Green='\e[42m'       # Green
On_Yellow='\e[43m'      # Yellow
On_Blue='\e[44m'        # Blue
On_Purple='\e[45m'      # Purple
On_Cyan='\e[46m'        # Cyan
On_White='\e[47m'       # White

NC="\e[m"               # Color Reset


ALERT=${BWhite}${On_Red} # Bold White on red background



echo -e "${BCyan}This is BASH ${BRed}${BASH_VERSION%.*}${BCyan}\
- DISPLAY on ${BRed}$DISPLAY${NC}\n"
date
if [ -x /usr/games/fortune ]; then
    /usr/games/fortune -s     # Makes our day a bit more fun.... :-)
fi

function _exit()              # Function to run upon exit of shell.
{
    echo -e "${BRed}Hasta la vista, baby${NC}"
}
trap _exit EXIT

#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Shell Prompt - for many examples, see:
#       http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/205
#       http://www.askapache.com/linux/bash-power-prompt.html
#       http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Bash-Prompt-HOWTO
#       https://github.com/nojhan/liquidprompt
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Current Format: [TIME USER@HOST PWD] >
# TIME:
#    Green     == machine load is low
#    Orange    == machine load is medium
#    Red       == machine load is high
#    ALERT     == machine load is very high
# USER:
#    Cyan      == normal user
#    Orange    == SU to user
#    Red       == root
# HOST:
#    Cyan      == local session
#    Green     == secured remote connection (via ssh)
#    Red       == unsecured remote connection
# PWD:
#    Green     == more than 10% free disk space
#    Orange    == less than 10% free disk space
#    ALERT     == less than 5% free disk space
#    Red       == current user does not have write privileges
#    Cyan      == current filesystem is size zero (like /proc)
# >:
#    White     == no background or suspended jobs in this shell
#    Cyan      == at least one background job in this shell
#    Orange    == at least one suspended job in this shell
#
#    Command is added to the history file each time you hit enter,
#    so it's available to all shells (using 'history -a').


# Test connection type:
if [ -n "${SSH_CONNECTION}" ]; then
    CNX=${Green}        # Connected on remote machine, via ssh (good).
elif [[ "${DISPLAY%%:0*}" != "" ]]; then
    CNX=${ALERT}        # Connected on remote machine, not via ssh (bad).
else
    CNX=${BCyan}        # Connected on local machine.
fi

# Test user type:
if [[ ${USER} == "root" ]]; then
    SU=${Red}           # User is root.
elif [[ ${USER} != $(logname) ]]; then
    SU=${BRed}          # User is not login user.
else
    SU=${BCyan}         # User is normal (well ... most of us are).
fi



NCPU=$(grep -c 'processor' /proc/cpuinfo)    # Number of CPUs
SLOAD=$(( 100*${NCPU} ))        # Small load
MLOAD=$(( 200*${NCPU} ))        # Medium load
XLOAD=$(( 400*${NCPU} ))        # Xlarge load

# Returns system load as percentage, i.e., '40' rather than '0.40)'.
function load()
{
    local SYSLOAD=$(cut -d " " -f1 /proc/loadavg | tr -d '.')
    # System load of the current host.
    echo $((10#$SYSLOAD))       # Convert to decimal.
}

# Returns a color indicating system load.
function load_color()
{
    local SYSLOAD=$(load)
    if [ ${SYSLOAD} -gt ${XLOAD} ]; then
        echo -en ${ALERT}
    elif [ ${SYSLOAD} -gt ${MLOAD} ]; then
        echo -en ${Red}
    elif [ ${SYSLOAD} -gt ${SLOAD} ]; then
        echo -en ${BRed}
    else
        echo -en ${Green}
    fi
}

# Returns a color according to free disk space in $PWD.
function disk_color()
{
    if [ ! -w "${PWD}" ] ; then
        echo -en ${Red}
        # No 'write' privilege in the current directory.
    elif [ -s "${PWD}" ] ; then
        local used=$(command df -P "$PWD" |
                   awk 'END {print $5} {sub(/%/,"")}')
        if [ ${used} -gt 95 ]; then
            echo -en ${ALERT}           # Disk almost full (>95%).
        elif [ ${used} -gt 90 ]; then
            echo -en ${BRed}            # Free disk space almost gone.
        else
            echo -en ${Green}           # Free disk space is ok.
        fi
    else
        echo -en ${Cyan}
        # Current directory is size '0' (like /proc, /sys etc).
    fi
}

# Returns a color according to running/suspended jobs.
function job_color()
{
    if [ $(jobs -s | wc -l) -gt "0" ]; then
        echo -en ${BRed}
    elif [ $(jobs -r | wc -l) -gt "0" ] ; then
        echo -en ${BCyan}
    fi
}

# Adds some text in the terminal frame (if applicable).


# Now we construct the prompt.
PROMPT_COMMAND="history -a"
case ${TERM} in
  *term | rxvt | linux)
        PS1="\[\$(load_color)\][\A\[${NC}\] "
        # Time of day (with load info):
        PS1="\[\$(load_color)\][\A\[${NC}\] "
        # User@Host (with connection type info):
        PS1=${PS1}"\[${SU}\]\u\[${NC}\]@\[${CNX}\]\h\[${NC}\] "
        # PWD (with 'disk space' info):
        PS1=${PS1}"\[\$(disk_color)\]\W]\[${NC}\] "
        # Prompt (with 'job' info):
        PS1=${PS1}"\[\$(job_color)\]>\[${NC}\] "
        # Set title of current xterm:
        PS1=${PS1}"\[\e]0;[\u@\h] \w\a\]"
        ;;
    *)
        PS1="(\A \u@\h \W) > " # --> PS1="(\A \u@\h \w) > "
                               # --> Shows full pathname of current dir.
        ;;
esac



export TIMEFORMAT=$'\nreal %3R\tuser %3U\tsys %3S\tpcpu %P\n'
export HISTIGNORE="&:bg:fg:ll:h"
export HISTTIMEFORMAT="$(echo -e ${BCyan})[%d/%m %H:%M:%S]$(echo -e ${NC}) "
export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups
export HOSTFILE=$HOME/.hosts    # Put a list of remote hosts in ~/.hosts


#============================================================
#
#  ALIASES AND FUNCTIONS
#
#  Arguably, some functions defined here are quite big.
#  If you want to make this file smaller, these functions can
#+ be converted into scripts and removed from here.
#
#============================================================

#-------------------
# Personnal Aliases
#-------------------

alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'
# -> Prevents accidentally clobbering files.
alias mkdir='mkdir -p'

alias h='history'
alias j='jobs -l'
alias which='type -a'
alias ..='cd ..'

# Pretty-print of some PATH variables:
alias path='echo -e ${PATH//:/\\n}'
alias libpath='echo -e ${LD_LIBRARY_PATH//:/\\n}'


alias du='du -kh'    # Makes a more readable output.
alias df='df -kTh'

#-------------------------------------------------------------
# The 'ls' family (this assumes you use a recent GNU ls).
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Add colors for filetype and  human-readable sizes by default on 'ls':
alias ls='ls -h --color'
alias lx='ls -lXB'         #  Sort by extension.
alias lk='ls -lSr'         #  Sort by size, biggest last.
alias lt='ls -ltr'         #  Sort by date, most recent last.
alias lc='ls -ltcr'        #  Sort by/show change time,most recent last.
alias lu='ls -ltur'        #  Sort by/show access time,most recent last.

# The ubiquitous 'll': directories first, with alphanumeric sorting:
alias ll="ls -lv --group-directories-first"
alias lm='ll |more'        #  Pipe through 'more'
alias lr='ll -R'           #  Recursive ls.
alias la='ll -A'           #  Show hidden files.
alias tree='tree -Csuh'    #  Nice alternative to 'recursive ls' ...


#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Tailoring 'less'
#-------------------------------------------------------------

alias more='less'
export PAGER=less
export LESSCHARSET='latin1'
export LESSOPEN='|/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %s 2>&-'
                # Use this if lesspipe.sh exists.
export LESS='-i -N -w  -z-4 -g -e -M -X -F -R -P%t?f%f \
:stdin .?pb%pb\%:?lbLine %lb:?bbByte %bb:-...'

# LESS man page colors (makes Man pages more readable).
export LESS_TERMCAP_mb=$'\E[01;31m'
export LESS_TERMCAP_md=$'\E[01;31m'
export LESS_TERMCAP_me=$'\E[0m'
export LESS_TERMCAP_se=$'\E[0m'
export LESS_TERMCAP_so=$'\E[01;44;33m'
export LESS_TERMCAP_ue=$'\E[0m'
export LESS_TERMCAP_us=$'\E[01;32m'


#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Spelling typos - highly personnal and keyboard-dependent :-)
#-------------------------------------------------------------

alias xs='cd'
alias vf='cd'
alias moer='more'
alias moew='more'
alias kk='ll'


#-------------------------------------------------------------
# A few fun ones
#-------------------------------------------------------------

# Adds some text in the terminal frame (if applicable).

function xtitle()
{
    case "$TERM" in
    *term* | rxvt)
        echo -en  "\e]0;$*\a" ;;
    *)  ;;
    esac
}


# Aliases that use xtitle
alias top='xtitle Processes on $HOST && top'
alias make='xtitle Making $(basename $PWD) ; make'

# .. and functions
function man()
{
    for i ; do
        xtitle The $(basename $1|tr -d .[:digit:]) manual
        command man -a "$i"
    done
}


#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Make the following commands run in background automatically:
#-------------------------------------------------------------

function te()  # wrapper around xemacs/gnuserv
{
    if [ "$(gnuclient -batch -eval t 2>&-)" == "t" ]; then
       gnuclient -q "$@";
    else
       ( xemacs "$@" &);
    fi
}

function soffice() { command soffice "$@" & }
function firefox() { command firefox "$@" & }
function xpdf() { command xpdf "$@" & }


#-------------------------------------------------------------
# File & strings related functions:
#-------------------------------------------------------------


# Find a file with a pattern in name:
function ff() { find . -type f -iname '*'"$*"'*' -ls ; }

# Find a file with pattern $1 in name and Execute $2 on it:
function fe() { find . -type f -iname '*'"${1:-}"'*' \
-exec ${2:-file} {} \;  ; }

#  Find a pattern in a set of files and highlight them:
#+ (needs a recent version of egrep).
function fstr()
{
    OPTIND=1
    local mycase=""
    local usage="fstr: find string in files.
Usage: fstr [-i] \"pattern\" [\"filename pattern\"] "
    while getopts :it opt
    do
        case "$opt" in
           i) mycase="-i " ;;
           *) echo "$usage"; return ;;
        esac
    done
    shift $(( $OPTIND - 1 ))
    if [ "$#" -lt 1 ]; then
        echo "$usage"
        return;
    fi
    find . -type f -name "${2:-*}" -print0 | \
xargs -0 egrep --color=always -sn ${case} "$1" 2>&- | more

}


function swap()
{ # Swap 2 filenames around, if they exist (from Uzi's bashrc).
    local TMPFILE=tmp.$$

    [ $# -ne 2 ] && echo "swap: 2 arguments needed" && return 1
    [ ! -e $1 ] && echo "swap: $1 does not exist" && return 1
    [ ! -e $2 ] && echo "swap: $2 does not exist" && return 1

    mv "$1" $TMPFILE
    mv "$2" "$1"
    mv $TMPFILE "$2"
}

function extract()      # Handy Extract Program
{
    if [ -f $1 ] ; then
        case $1 in
            *.tar.bz2)   tar xvjf $1     ;;
            *.tar.gz)    tar xvzf $1     ;;
            *.bz2)       bunzip2 $1      ;;
            *.rar)       unrar x $1      ;;
            *.gz)        gunzip $1       ;;
            *.tar)       tar xvf $1      ;;
            *.tbz2)      tar xvjf $1     ;;
            *.tgz)       tar xvzf $1     ;;
            *.zip)       unzip $1        ;;
            *.Z)         uncompress $1   ;;
            *.7z)        7z x $1         ;;
            *)           echo "'$1' cannot be extracted via >extract<" ;;
        esac
    else
        echo "'$1' is not a valid file!"
    fi
}


# Creates an archive (*.tar.gz) from given directory.
function maketar() { tar cvzf "${1%%/}.tar.gz"  "${1%%/}/"; }

# Create a ZIP archive of a file or folder.
function makezip() { zip -r "${1%%/}.zip" "$1" ; }

# Make your directories and files access rights sane.
function sanitize() { chmod -R u=rwX,g=rX,o= "$@" ;}

#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Process/system related functions:
#-------------------------------------------------------------


function my_ps() { ps $@ -u $USER -o pid,%cpu,%mem,bsdtime,command ; }
function pp() { my_ps f | awk '!/awk/ && $0~var' var=${1:-".*"} ; }


function killps()   # kill by process name
{
    local pid pname sig="-TERM"   # default signal
    if [ "$#" -lt 1 ] || [ "$#" -gt 2 ]; then
        echo "Usage: killps [-SIGNAL] pattern"
        return;
    fi
    if [ $# = 2 ]; then sig=$1 ; fi
    for pid in $(my_ps| awk '!/awk/ && $0~pat { print $1 }' pat=${!#} )
    do
        pname=$(my_ps | awk '$1~var { print $5 }' var=$pid )
        if ask "Kill process $pid <$pname> with signal $sig?"
            then kill $sig $pid
        fi
    done
}

function mydf()         # Pretty-print of 'df' output.
{                       # Inspired by 'dfc' utility.
    for fs ; do

        if [ ! -d $fs ]
        then
          echo -e $fs" :No such file or directory" ; continue
        fi

        local info=( $(command df -P $fs | awk 'END{ print $2,$3,$5 }') )
        local free=( $(command df -Pkh $fs | awk 'END{ print $4 }') )
        local nbstars=$(( 20 * ${info[1]} / ${info[0]} ))
        local out="["
        for ((j=0;j<20;j++)); do
            if [ ${j} -lt ${nbstars} ]; then
               out=$out"*"
            else
               out=$out"-"
            fi
        done
        out=${info[2]}" "$out"] ("$free" free on "$fs")"
        echo -e $out
    done
}


function my_ip() # Get IP adress on ethernet.
{
    MY_IP=$(/sbin/ifconfig eth0 | awk '/inet/ { print $2 } ' |
      sed -e s/addr://)
    echo ${MY_IP:-"Not connected"}
}

function ii()   # Get current host related info.
{
    echo -e "\nYou are logged on ${BRed}$HOST"
    echo -e "\n${BRed}Additionnal information:$NC " ; uname -a
    echo -e "\n${BRed}Users logged on:$NC " ; w -hs |
             cut -d " " -f1 | sort | uniq
    echo -e "\n${BRed}Current date :$NC " ; date
    echo -e "\n${BRed}Machine stats :$NC " ; uptime
    echo -e "\n${BRed}Memory stats :$NC " ; free
    echo -e "\n${BRed}Diskspace :$NC " ; mydf / $HOME
    echo -e "\n${BRed}Local IP Address :$NC" ; my_ip
    echo -e "\n${BRed}Open connections :$NC "; netstat -pan --inet;
    echo
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Misc utilities:
#-------------------------------------------------------------

function repeat()       # Repeat n times command.
{
    local i max
    max=$1; shift;
    for ((i=1; i <= max ; i++)); do  # --> C-like syntax
        eval "$@";
    done
}


function ask()          # See 'killps' for example of use.
{
    echo -n "$@" '[y/n] ' ; read ans
    case "$ans" in
        y*|Y*) return 0 ;;
        *) return 1 ;;
    esac
}

function corename()   # Get name of app that created a corefile.
{
    for file ; do
        echo -n $file : ; gdb --core=$file --batch | head -1
    done
}



#=========================================================================
#
#  PROGRAMMABLE COMPLETION SECTION
#  Most are taken from the bash 2.05 documentation and from Ian McDonald's
# 'Bash completion' package (http://www.caliban.org/bash/#completion)
#  You will in fact need bash more recent then 3.0 for some features.
#
#  Note that most linux distributions now provide many completions
# 'out of the box' - however, you might need to make your own one day,
#  so I kept those here as examples.
#=========================================================================

if [ "${BASH_VERSION%.*}" \< "3.0" ]; then
    echo "You will need to upgrade to version 3.0 for full \
          programmable completion features"
    return
fi

shopt -s extglob        # Necessary.

complete -A hostname   rsh rcp telnet rlogin ftp ping disk
complete -A export     printenv
complete -A variable   export local readonly unset
complete -A enabled    builtin
complete -A alias      alias unalias
complete -A function   function
complete -A user       su mail finger

complete -A helptopic  help     # Currently same as builtins.
complete -A shopt      shopt
complete -A stopped -P '%' bg
complete -A job -P '%'     fg jobs disown

complete -A directory  mkdir rmdir
complete -A directory   -o default cd

# Compression
complete -f -o default -X '*.+(zip|ZIP)'  zip
complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(zip|ZIP)' unzip
complete -f -o default -X '*.+(z|Z)'      compress
complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(z|Z)'     uncompress
complete -f -o default -X '*.+(gz|GZ)'    gzip
complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(gz|GZ)'   gunzip
complete -f -o default -X '*.+(bz2|BZ2)'  bzip2
complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(bz2|BZ2)' bunzip2
complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(zip|ZIP|z|Z|gz|GZ|bz2|BZ2)' extract


# Documents - Postscript,pdf,dvi.....
complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(ps|PS)'  gs ghostview ps2pdf ps2ascii
complete -f -o default -X \
'!*.+(dvi|DVI)' dvips dvipdf xdvi dviselect dvitype
complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(pdf|PDF)' acroread pdf2ps
complete -f -o default -X '!*.@(@(?(e)ps|?(E)PS|pdf|PDF)?\
(.gz|.GZ|.bz2|.BZ2|.Z))' gv ggv
complete -f -o default -X '!*.texi*' makeinfo texi2dvi texi2html texi2pdf
complete -f -o default -X '!*.tex' tex latex slitex
complete -f -o default -X '!*.lyx' lyx
complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(htm*|HTM*)' lynx html2ps
complete -f -o default -X \
'!*.+(doc|DOC|xls|XLS|ppt|PPT|sx?|SX?|csv|CSV|od?|OD?|ott|OTT)' soffice

# Multimedia
complete -f -o default -X \
'!*.+(gif|GIF|jp*g|JP*G|bmp|BMP|xpm|XPM|png|PNG)' xv gimp ee gqview
complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(mp3|MP3)' mpg123 mpg321
complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(ogg|OGG)' ogg123
complete -f -o default -X \
'!*.@(mp[23]|MP[23]|ogg|OGG|wav|WAV|pls|\
m3u|xm|mod|s[3t]m|it|mtm|ult|flac)' xmms
complete -f -o default -X '!*.@(mp?(e)g|MP?(E)G|wma|avi|AVI|\
asf|vob|VOB|bin|dat|vcd|ps|pes|fli|viv|rm|ram|yuv|mov|MOV|qt|\
QT|wmv|mp3|MP3|ogg|OGG|ogm|OGM|mp4|MP4|wav|WAV|asx|ASX)' xine



complete -f -o default -X '!*.pl'  perl perl5


#  This is a 'universal' completion function - it works when commands have
#+ a so-called 'long options' mode , ie: 'ls --all' instead of 'ls -a'
#  Needs the '-o' option of grep
#+ (try the commented-out version if not available).

#  First, remove '=' from completion word separators
#+ (this will allow completions like 'ls --color=auto' to work correctly).

COMP_WORDBREAKS=${COMP_WORDBREAKS/=/}


_get_longopts()
{
  #$1 --help | sed  -e '/--/!d' -e 's/.*--\([^[:space:].,]*\).*/--\1/'| \
  #grep ^"$2" |sort -u ;
    $1 --help | grep -o -e "--[^[:space:].,]*" | grep -e "$2" |sort -u
}

_longopts()
{
    local cur
    cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}

    case "${cur:-*}" in
       -*)      ;;
        *)      return ;;
    esac

    case "$1" in
       \~*)     eval cmd="$1" ;;
         *)     cmd="$1" ;;
    esac
    COMPREPLY=( $(_get_longopts ${1} ${cur} ) )
}
complete  -o default -F _longopts configure bash
complete  -o default -F _longopts wget id info a2ps ls recode

_tar()
{
    local cur ext regex tar untar

    COMPREPLY=()
    cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}

    # If we want an option, return the possible long options.
    case "$cur" in
        -*)     COMPREPLY=( $(_get_longopts $1 $cur ) ); return 0;;
    esac

    if [ $COMP_CWORD -eq 1 ]; then
        COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W 'c t x u r d A' -- $cur ) )
        return 0
    fi

    case "${COMP_WORDS[1]}" in
        ?(-)c*f)
            COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -f $cur ) )
            return 0
            ;;
        +([^Izjy])f)
            ext='tar'
            regex=$ext
            ;;
        *z*f)
            ext='tar.gz'
            regex='t\(ar\.\)\(gz\|Z\)'
            ;;
        *[Ijy]*f)
            ext='t?(ar.)bz?(2)'
            regex='t\(ar\.\)bz2\?'
            ;;
        *)
            COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -f $cur ) )
            return 0
            ;;

    esac

    if [[ "$COMP_LINE" == tar*.$ext' '* ]]; then
        # Complete on files in tar file.
        #
        # Get name of tar file from command line.
        tar=$( echo "$COMP_LINE" | \
                        sed -e 's|^.* \([^ ]*'$regex'\) .*$|\1|' )
        # Devise how to untar and list it.
        untar=t${COMP_WORDS[1]//[^Izjyf]/}

        COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W "$( echo $( tar $untar $tar \
                                2>/dev/null ) )" -- "$cur" ) )
        return 0

    else
        # File completion on relevant files.
        COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -G $cur\*.$ext ) )

    fi

    return 0

}

complete -F _tar -o default tar

_make()
{
    local mdef makef makef_dir="." makef_inc gcmd cur prev i;
    COMPREPLY=();
    cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]};
    prev=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]};
    case "$prev" in
        -*f)
            COMPREPLY=($(compgen -f $cur ));
            return 0
            ;;
    esac;
    case "$cur" in
        -*)
            COMPREPLY=($(_get_longopts $1 $cur ));
            return 0
            ;;
    esac;

    # ... make reads
    #          GNUmakefile,
    #     then makefile
    #     then Makefile ...
    if [ -f ${makef_dir}/GNUmakefile ]; then
        makef=${makef_dir}/GNUmakefile
    elif [ -f ${makef_dir}/makefile ]; then
        makef=${makef_dir}/makefile
    elif [ -f ${makef_dir}/Makefile ]; then
        makef=${makef_dir}/Makefile
    else
       makef=${makef_dir}/*.mk         # Local convention.
    fi


    #  Before we scan for targets, see if a Makefile name was
    #+ specified with -f.
    for (( i=0; i < ${#COMP_WORDS[@]}; i++ )); do
        if [[ ${COMP_WORDS[i]} == -f ]]; then
            # eval for tilde expansion
            eval makef=${COMP_WORDS[i+1]}
            break
        fi
    done
    [ ! -f $makef ] && return 0

    # Deal with included Makefiles.
    makef_inc=$( grep -E '^-?include' $makef |
                 sed -e "s,^.* ,"$makef_dir"/," )
    for file in $makef_inc; do
        [ -f $file ] && makef="$makef $file"
    done


    #  If we have a partial word to complete, restrict completions
    #+ to matches of that word.
    if [ -n "$cur" ]; then gcmd='grep "^$cur"' ; else gcmd=cat ; fi

    COMPREPLY=( $( awk -F':' '/^[a-zA-Z0-9][^$#\/\t=]*:([^=]|$)/ \
                               {split($1,A,/ /);for(i in A)print A[i]}' \
                                $makef 2>/dev/null | eval $gcmd  ))

}

complete -F _make -X '+($*|*.[cho])' make gmake pmake




_killall()
{
    local cur prev
    COMPREPLY=()
    cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}

    #  Get a list of processes
    #+ (the first sed evaluation
    #+ takes care of swapped out processes, the second
    #+ takes care of getting the basename of the process).
    COMPREPLY=( $( ps -u $USER -o comm  | \
        sed -e '1,1d' -e 's#[]\[]##g' -e 's#^.*/##'| \
        awk '{if ($0 ~ /^'$cur'/) print $0}' ))

    return 0
}

complete -F _killall killall killps



# Local Variables:
# mode:shell-script
# sh-shell:bash
# End:
# From Andrzej Szelachowski's ~/.bash_profile:


#  Note that a variable may require special treatment
#+ if it will be exported.

DARKGRAY='\e[1;30m'
LIGHTRED='\e[1;31m'
GREEN='\e[32m'
YELLOW='\e[1;33m'
LIGHTBLUE='\e[1;34m'
NC='\e[m'

PCT="\`if [[ \$EUID -eq 0 ]]; then T='$LIGHTRED' ; else T='$LIGHTBLUE'; fi; 
echo \$T \`"

#  For "literal" command substitution to be assigned to a variable,
#+ use escapes and double quotes:
#+       PCT="\` ... \`" . . .
#  Otherwise, the value of PCT variable is assigned only once,
#+ when the variable is exported/read from .bash_profile,
#+ and it will not change afterwards even if the user ID changes.


PS1="\n$GREEN[\w] \n$DARKGRAY($PCT\t$DARKGRAY)-($PCT\u$DARKGRAY)-($PCT\!
$DARKGRAY)$YELLOW-> $NC"

#  Escape a variables whose value changes:
#        if [[ \$EUID -eq 0 ]],
#  Otherwise the value of the EUID variable will be assigned only once,
#+ as above.

#  When a variable is assigned, it should be called escaped:
#+       echo \$T,
#  Otherwise the value of the T variable is taken from the moment the PCT 
#+ variable is exported/read from .bash_profile.
#  So, in this example it would be null.

#  When a variable's value contains a semicolon it should be strong quoted:
#        T='$LIGHTRED',
#  Otherwise, the semicolon will be interpreted as a command separator.


#  Variables PCT and PS1 can be merged into a new PS1 variable:

PS1="\`if [[ \$EUID -eq 0 ]]; then PCT='$LIGHTRED';
else PCT='$LIGHTBLUE'; fi; 
echo '\n$GREEN[\w] \n$DARKGRAY('\$PCT'\t$DARKGRAY)-\
('\$PCT'\u$DARKGRAY)-('\$PCT'\!$DARKGRAY)$YELLOW-> $NC'\`"

# The trick is to use strong quoting for parts of old PS1 variable.

NVidia graphic card

NvidiaGraphicsDrivers
NvidiaGraphicsDriversNvidiaWay

Device 0fc0 –> GeForce GT 640

01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation Device 0fc0 (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
	Subsystem: NVIDIA Corporation Device 093d
	Flags: fast devsel, IRQ 16
	Memory at f6000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
	Memory at e0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
	Memory at f0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=32M]
	I/O ports at e000 [size=128]
	Expansion ROM at f7000000 [disabled] [size=512K]
	Capabilities: [60] Power Management version 3
	Capabilities: [68] MSI: Enable- Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
	Capabilities: [78] Express Endpoint, MSI 00
	Capabilities: [b4] Vendor Specific Information: Len=14 <?>
	Capabilities: [100] Virtual Channel
	Capabilities: [128] Power Budgeting <?>
	Capabilities: [600] Vendor Specific Information: ID=0001 Rev=1 Len=024 <?>
	Capabilities: [900] #19
andreas@clt-dsk-t-6062:~$ sudo apt-get install gcc make binutils